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ThispapercontributestothiseditedcollectionbydiscussingthepoliticsoftheEcosystemApproa...
This paper contributes to this edited collection by discussing the politics of the
Ecosystem Approach (EsA), and especially the role of state forestry institutions. To date,most political analysis of the EsA has focused on its role in international negotiations, or as a means of implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity (Hartje et al, 2003).There has, however, been comparatively little attention to the influence of politics at thenational and sub-national level, and in particular to the ways that the EsA is defined scientifically, with whose participation, and with access to which type of knowledge.This paper seeks to highlight these factors by discussing the potential ways in which state forestry institutions can influence the formulation of the EsA, and how localized politics can lead to variations in forest policies between different countries and contexts.
The paper adopts an approach known as ‘political ecology.’ Academics have used this
term since the 1970s to refer to the relationship of ecological science and environmental
politics. Initially, much political ecology focused on environmental conflicts between
social actors such as the state and non-governmental organizations on topics where
environmental impacts were assumed to be clear-cut, such as the establishment of
national parks or the location of polluting industries (e.g. Bryant and Bailey, 1997).
Increasingly, however, political ecologists are examining the politics of ecological
science itself, which looks instead at the political authority of different knowledge claims
about environment, or why we have come to assume certain environmental changes are problematic. This approach does not suggest that environmental problems do not exist, or that ecological science cannot help, but acknowledges the greater political controversies about the nature of ecological risk, and the influence of different political actors upon what is seen to be authoritative knowledge (Forsyth, 2003).
The emergence of the EsA, and the role of state forestry departments are both legitimate topics for a political ecology approach. The EsA has been defined as a strategy that ‘recognises that humans, with their cultural diversity, are an integral component of ecosystems’ (see Convention on Biological Diversity website). Yet, it is important to note that the EsA is a set of guiding principles rather than a specific method to manage ecosystems. 展开
Ecosystem Approach (EsA), and especially the role of state forestry institutions. To date,most political analysis of the EsA has focused on its role in international negotiations, or as a means of implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity (Hartje et al, 2003).There has, however, been comparatively little attention to the influence of politics at thenational and sub-national level, and in particular to the ways that the EsA is defined scientifically, with whose participation, and with access to which type of knowledge.This paper seeks to highlight these factors by discussing the potential ways in which state forestry institutions can influence the formulation of the EsA, and how localized politics can lead to variations in forest policies between different countries and contexts.
The paper adopts an approach known as ‘political ecology.’ Academics have used this
term since the 1970s to refer to the relationship of ecological science and environmental
politics. Initially, much political ecology focused on environmental conflicts between
social actors such as the state and non-governmental organizations on topics where
environmental impacts were assumed to be clear-cut, such as the establishment of
national parks or the location of polluting industries (e.g. Bryant and Bailey, 1997).
Increasingly, however, political ecologists are examining the politics of ecological
science itself, which looks instead at the political authority of different knowledge claims
about environment, or why we have come to assume certain environmental changes are problematic. This approach does not suggest that environmental problems do not exist, or that ecological science cannot help, but acknowledges the greater political controversies about the nature of ecological risk, and the influence of different political actors upon what is seen to be authoritative knowledge (Forsyth, 2003).
The emergence of the EsA, and the role of state forestry departments are both legitimate topics for a political ecology approach. The EsA has been defined as a strategy that ‘recognises that humans, with their cultural diversity, are an integral component of ecosystems’ (see Convention on Biological Diversity website). Yet, it is important to note that the EsA is a set of guiding principles rather than a specific method to manage ecosystems. 展开
2个回答
展开全部
本文有助于这编辑收集讨论政治的
生态系统方法(欧空局),特别的作用,国家林业机构。到目前为止,大多数政治分析的欧空局都集中在它的作用在国际谈判中,或作为一种手段,实施生物多样性公约(哈特杰等人,2003)。有,然而,相对很少注意的影响,政治国家和地方各级,特别的方式欧空局的定义是科学的,其参与,并获得哪种类型的知识。本文旨在强调这些因素的讨论潜在的方式在国家林业机构可以影响制定的,以及如何本地化的政治可以导致不同的森林政策,不同国家和背景。
本文采用的方法称为“政治生态。”学者都用这个
长期以来,70年代指生态科学和环境的关系
政治。最初,政治生态环境之间的矛盾,集中
社会演员等国家和非政府组织的专题,
环境的影响被认为是明确的,如建立
国家公园的位置或污染的行业(如布莱恩特和贝雷,1997)。
越来越多,但是,政治生态学家审查政治生态
科学本身,它看起来在政治权力不同的知识要求
关于环境,或者为什么我们来承担某些环境变化的问题。这种做法并不表明环境问题不存在,或生态科学不能帮助,但承认更大的政治争议的性质,生态风险,并对不同政治行动者在什么被认为是权威的知识(福塞斯,2003)。
出现了欧空局,和作用的国家林业部门都是合法的议题政治生态学的方法。欧空局已被定义为一种战略,认识到人类,他们的文化多样性,是一个不可分割的组成部分的生态系统(见生物多样性公约网站)。然而,必须指出的是,欧空局是一套指导原则,而不是一个具体的管理方法,生态系统。
请采纳 谢谢
生态系统方法(欧空局),特别的作用,国家林业机构。到目前为止,大多数政治分析的欧空局都集中在它的作用在国际谈判中,或作为一种手段,实施生物多样性公约(哈特杰等人,2003)。有,然而,相对很少注意的影响,政治国家和地方各级,特别的方式欧空局的定义是科学的,其参与,并获得哪种类型的知识。本文旨在强调这些因素的讨论潜在的方式在国家林业机构可以影响制定的,以及如何本地化的政治可以导致不同的森林政策,不同国家和背景。
本文采用的方法称为“政治生态。”学者都用这个
长期以来,70年代指生态科学和环境的关系
政治。最初,政治生态环境之间的矛盾,集中
社会演员等国家和非政府组织的专题,
环境的影响被认为是明确的,如建立
国家公园的位置或污染的行业(如布莱恩特和贝雷,1997)。
越来越多,但是,政治生态学家审查政治生态
科学本身,它看起来在政治权力不同的知识要求
关于环境,或者为什么我们来承担某些环境变化的问题。这种做法并不表明环境问题不存在,或生态科学不能帮助,但承认更大的政治争议的性质,生态风险,并对不同政治行动者在什么被认为是权威的知识(福塞斯,2003)。
出现了欧空局,和作用的国家林业部门都是合法的议题政治生态学的方法。欧空局已被定义为一种战略,认识到人类,他们的文化多样性,是一个不可分割的组成部分的生态系统(见生物多样性公约网站)。然而,必须指出的是,欧空局是一套指导原则,而不是一个具体的管理方法,生态系统。
请采纳 谢谢
2012-04-12
展开全部
生态系统方法(欧空局),特别的作用,国家林业机构。到目前为止,大多数政治分析的欧空局都集中在它的作用在国际谈判中,或作为一种手段,实施生物多样性公约(哈特杰等人,2003)。有,然而,相对很少注意的影响,政治国家和地方各级,特别的方式欧空局的定义是科学的,其参与,并获得哪种类型的知识。本文旨在强调这些因素的讨论潜在的方式在国家林业机构可以影响制定的,以及如何本地化的政治可以导致不同的森林政策,不同国家和背景。
本文采用的方法称为“政治生态。”学者都用这个
长期以来,70年代指生态科学和环境的关系
政治。最初,政治生态环境之间的矛盾,集中
社会演员等国家和非政府组织的专题,
环境的影响被认为是明确的,如建立
国家公园的位置或污染的行业(如布莱恩特和贝雷,1997)。
越来越多,但是,政治生态学家审查政治生态
科学本身,它看起来在政治权力不同的知识要求
关于环境,或者为什么我们来承担某些环境变化的问题。这种做法并不表明环境问题不存在,或生态科学不能帮助,但承认更大的政治争议的性质,生态风险,并对不同政治行动者在什么被认为是权威的知识(福塞斯,2003)。
出现了欧空局,和作用的国家林业部门都是合法的议题政治生态学的方法。欧空局已被定义为一种战略,认识到人类,他们的文化多样性,是一个不可分割的组成部分的生态系统(见生物多样性公约网站)。然而,必须指出的是,欧空局是一套指导原则,而不是一个具体的管理方法,生态系统
本文采用的方法称为“政治生态。”学者都用这个
长期以来,70年代指生态科学和环境的关系
政治。最初,政治生态环境之间的矛盾,集中
社会演员等国家和非政府组织的专题,
环境的影响被认为是明确的,如建立
国家公园的位置或污染的行业(如布莱恩特和贝雷,1997)。
越来越多,但是,政治生态学家审查政治生态
科学本身,它看起来在政治权力不同的知识要求
关于环境,或者为什么我们来承担某些环境变化的问题。这种做法并不表明环境问题不存在,或生态科学不能帮助,但承认更大的政治争议的性质,生态风险,并对不同政治行动者在什么被认为是权威的知识(福塞斯,2003)。
出现了欧空局,和作用的国家林业部门都是合法的议题政治生态学的方法。欧空局已被定义为一种战略,认识到人类,他们的文化多样性,是一个不可分割的组成部分的生态系统(见生物多样性公约网站)。然而,必须指出的是,欧空局是一套指导原则,而不是一个具体的管理方法,生态系统
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