Question

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There is a risk now that protectionism may increase. Unemployment has risen and may remain high, and more countries now face limited fiscal space. This may help to explain the increased frequency of industry’s requests for trade remedy measures. Also, unconventional measures, which are harder to quantify, may already have had a considerable impact. Analysis such as that by GTA has focused attention on the extent of this “murky” protectionism effected through more subtle, often “behind-the-border,”measures.
New trade restrictions have visibly reduced trade
With monitoring activities coming to quite different conclusions, the extent of harm caused by trade restrictions has been unclear. None of the watchdogs suggests that we have, or likely will, see an extreme protectionist surge as witnessed in the 1930s. But characterizations differ markedly. The March 2010 joint OECD-WTO-UNCTAD report indicates that protectionism has not escalated meaningfully, and suggests that new instances of measures have declined: “Although some G-20 members continued to implement new trade restrictive policies, in apparent contradiction to their pledges at London and Pittsburgh, the overall extent of these restrictions has been limited and an escalation of protectionism has continued to be avoided. There have been fewer instances than in earlier [recent] periods of G-20 members taking potentially trade restrictive measures, and more cases of trade opening measures….” In contrast, GTA’s 4th Report, released a few weeks earlier, argues that as reporting and investigative lags are being overcome, “the extent of anti-foreigner discrimination is much higher than originally reported” and that despite improved macroeconomic conditions the frequency of new measures taken in the fourth quarter of 2009 continued at pace with those taken at the height of the crisis, earlier in 2009.

Answer 1

现在是有风险的，贸易保护主义可能会增加。失业率上升，并可能保持高，现在越来越多的国家面临的财政空间有限。这可能有助于解释行业贸易救济措施的请求的频率增加。同时，非常规的措施，这是难以量化，可能已经有相当大的影响。例如，分析了GTA这个“黑暗”通过更加隐蔽，往往是“背后的边界，”措施对贸易保护主义的程度上的关注重点。
新的贸易限制已明显减少贸易
完全不同的结论来的监测活动，贸易限制造成的危害程度，一直不清楚。没有监督的建议，我们有，或可能会看到一个极端的贸易保护主义潮在20世纪30年代的见证。但刻画明显不同。 2010年3月联合经合组织，世贸组织，贸发会议的报告表明，贸易保护主义并没有有意义的升级，并表明，新措施的情况下已拒绝：“虽然一些G-20成员继续他们的承诺，在实施新的贸易限制政策，在明显的矛盾，伦敦和匹兹堡，这些限制的整体程度上受到限制，并继续避免保护主义升级。有比以前较少的情况下[最近] G-20成员采取的时期可能限制贸易的措施，更多的贸易开放措施的案件......“相比之下，GTA的第四次报告，公布几个星期前，认为作为报告调查滞后正在克服，“反外国人的歧视程度远高于最初报告”，尽管频率在2009年第四季度所采取的新措施，改善宏观经济条件的高度采取的步伐，继续在危机，早在2009年。

Answer 2

现在有一个风险,保护主义可能会增加。失业率上升,可能仍然很高,和更多的国家现在面临着有限的财政空间。这或许有助于解释频率增加产业的请求贸易救济措施。同时,非常规的措施,是更难以确定,可能已经有了相当大的影响。分析等,把人们的注意力集中甘草的程度,这种“黑暗”通过贸易保护主义影响更加微妙,经常“behind-the-border,”措施。
新的贸易限制有明显减少贸易
监测和活动来相当不同的结论,危害程度还不明确的贸易限制。没有一个监管机构,这表明我们有,或可能的,看一个极端保护主义激增为发生在1930年代。但是有明显不同的特征。自2010年3月联合OECD-WTO-UNCTAD报告指出,贸易保护主义升级没有意义,表明新对象的措施已下降:“虽然有些G-20成员继续执行新的贸易限制政策,在明显的矛盾他们承诺在伦敦及匹兹堡,整体的程度是有限的,这些限制的保护主义不断升级应该避免。有更少的情况下比在更早的时期的G-20[最近]以潜在的贸易限制措施成员,以及更多的贸易开放措施…的病例。“相比之下,4th GTA的报告发布,几周前,认为,据报告和研究滞后于正在被克服,”再次歧视的程度远高于”,尽管最初报道的频率改善宏观经济条件的新措施在2009年第四季度的步伐继续在与那些被高度的危机,早在2009年。

Answer 3

在有一个风险,保护主义可能会增加。失业率上升,可能仍然很高,和更多的国家现在面临着有限的财政空间。这或许有助于解释频率增加产业的请求贸易救济措施。同时,非常规的措施,是更难以确定,可能已经有了相当大的影响。分析等,把人们的注意力集中甘草的程度,这种“黑暗”通过贸易保护主义影响更加微妙,经常“behind-the-border,”措施

Answer 4

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