Question

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A material is said to be elastic if it returns to its original, unloaded dimensions when load is removed. A particular form of elasticity which applies to a large range of engineering material, at least over part of their load range, produces deformations which are proportional to the loads producing them. Since loads are proportional to the stresses they produce and deformations are proportional to the strains, this also implies that, whilst materials are elastic stress is proportional to strain. Hooke’s law therefore states that
Stress(δ) ∝ strain(ε)
Whilst a material is elastic the deformation produced by any load will be completely recovered when the load is removed; there is no permanent deformation.
Within the elastic limits of materials, i.e. within the limits in which Hooke’s law applies, it has been show that
Stress/strain=constant (4)
This constant is given the symbol E and termed the modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus.
E=stress/strain=δ/ε (5)
Typically, E=200ⅹ10 9N/m ² for steel, so that it will be observed from Eq.(5) that strain are normally very small.
In most common engineering applications strain rarely exceed 0.1％.The actual value of Young’s modulus for any material is normally determined by carrying out standard test on a specimen of the material.
这是关于材料力学应力与应变的文章，我只会翻译单词，不会凑成句子，请英语高手帮忙翻译一下，不要用金山快译，这里牵扯到专业用语，请高手帮忙。。。。。

Answer 1

材料可说是都有弹性,当外力撤去后,会恢复其未加荷载时尺寸的原来状态.广泛应用于工程中材料的弹性的特殊形式,至少在其荷载范围内,产生变形,它们与作用其上的荷载成正比.这样一来,荷载就与应力成正比,从而产声的变形就与应变成正比;它的意义也就是:弹性材料的应力与其应变成正比.因此,虎克定律就描述成: 应力(读:sigma) 正比于应变(读:epsilon).
带有弹性的材料,由任何荷载产生的变形,当荷载撤去后,变形都会完全恢复;而无永久性变形.
在材料的弹性极限内,亦即在虎克定律的应用极限内,有如下表示式:应力/应变=常数(4)
以 E 表示该常数,称作弹性模数或杨氏模量.E = 应力/应变=(读:sigma/epsilon) (5)
典型的钢材的 E = 200 X 10 9 N/m2 . 因此,它遵守方程(5);这就是:应变通常很小.在最普通的工程应用中,应变很少超过0.1% .任何材料的杨氏模量,通常用材料试棒,进行标准试验来确定.(译者注:希腊字母不好打,只好读:)

Answer 2

材料被认为有弹性如果它回到它的原物, 被卸载的维度当装载被去除。适用于工程学材料的一个大范围弹性, 至少零件的一个特殊形式他们的装载范围, 导致与装载是比例导致他们的变形。因为他们导致和的装载与重音是比例变形与张力, 这是比例并且暗示那, 材料是有弹性重音与张力是比例。Hooke 的法律声明因此那
<dnt>
</dnt>Stress(?) ? strain(?)
<dnt>
</dnt>材料是有弹性变形由任一装载导致完全地将恢复当装载被去除; 没有永久变形。
<dnt>
</dnt>在材料内有弹性极限, 即在Hooke 的法律申请的极限, 这内是展示那
<dnt>
</dnt>Stress/strain=constant (4)
<dnt>
</dnt>这个常数被给标志E 和命名了弹性模量或年轻模数。
<dnt>
</dnt>E=stress/strain =? /? (5)
<dnt>
</dnt>典型地, E=200?10 9N/m . 为钢, 以便它将被观察从Eq.(5) 张力通常非常小。
<dnt>
</dnt>在多数共同的工程学应用劳损很少超出年轻模数的实际价值为任一材料由执行通常确定对材料的标本的标准测试的0.1?.The 。