Question

请大家帮帮忙，翻译一下这篇文章，谢谢了！急

Before proceeding, we wish to stress that adverse selection has important implications
　　for policy and is not only of interest to economists. The theory of adverse selection has
　　had an important effect on insurers, government regulators, and courts.5 To illustrate,
　　as of August 2007, there were more than 130 state and federal opinions in U.S. courts
　　that discussed adverse selection, in all types of insurance markets, from pension
　　guarantees6 to long-term disability insurance.7 Concern about adverse selection in
　　health insurance has prompted courts to permit marketing practices—such as paying
　　downstream firms a bonus not to carry a rival’s product—that would otherwise
　　constitute clear antitrust violations.8 Similar concerns led the U.S. Equal Employment
　　Opportunity Commission to allow employers to exclude persons with disabilities
　　from employer-provided health insurance if the inclusion of such persons would
　　result in “unacceptable adverse selection.”
　　Given public officials’ receptivity to arguments based on the existence of adverse
　　selection, it is unsurprising that policy advocates have made substantial use of such
　　arguments. Priest (1987) argued that the U.S. insurance “crisis” of the mid-1980s,
　　in which certain kinds of liability insurance commanded sharp premium surges or
　　were withdrawn altogether, was produced by an adverse selection death spiral that
　　resulted from “judicial compulsion of greater and greater levels of provider thirdparty
　　insurance for victims. . . . ”9 Romano (1989) proposed a similar adverse selection
　　story to explain the “crisis” that befell the market for directors and officers liability
　　insurance at roughly the same time.

Answer 1

在进行下一步之前,我们想强调逆向选择有重要的影响政策及不仅是经济学家感兴趣的。逆向选择的理论有重要影响保险公司、政府监管机构和法院。5为了说明起见,在2007年8月,有超过130个州和联邦政府的意见在美国法庭上讨论了逆向选择,在所有类型的保险市场,从养老金guarantees6长期伤残保险。7关心逆向选择健康保险,促使法院允许营销practices-such作为付下游公司奖金不带.满足感否则对手的明确反垄断违法行为构成。8关注领导美国平等就业机会委员会允许雇主排除残障者从雇主提供的医疗保险的人如果加入这些结果在“不可接受的逆向选择。”公共官员们的感受了参数到基于存在不利选择,这并不令人惊讶,政策的拥护者已经取得实质性的使用争论。牧师(1987)认为美国保险“危机”1980年中期的年代,在某些种类的责任保险保费汹涌澎湃还是吩咐锋利被撤回共有的,是由一个螺旋,逆向选择死亡吗来自“司法强制的越来越高水平的第三方供应商保险为受害者。“9罗马(1989)提出一个类似的逆向选择故事来解释“危机”的市场19:7董事和高级职员责任保险大致相同的时间。

其实。。。你可以去有道直接翻译的

Answer 2

高级工程师。辽宁沈阳人。1952年毕业于东北兵工专门学校弹药系。历任华安机械厂研究所技术员、所长，红阳机械总工程师、高级工程师。六十年代中期主持设计了火箭弹、微旋破甲弹及远程弹等武器。