Question

伊斯坦布尔的介绍资料汉译英

我们英语课上小组要用英语简单介绍下土耳其的历史名城伊斯坦布尔的一些情况，题目为《蓝色清真寺——伊斯坦布尔》大概八分钟的时间，麻烦精通英语的各位帮帮忙，从网上搜索找些比较实用的重点的语段，将其翻译为英文，高一的水平就好了，原中文也要贴上，还有一些对高一生比较生的词也麻烦注释下。

这个是我在网上找到的介绍，内容不是看得太懂，不知道实用不，如果觉得可以的话，麻烦把这个也给翻译一下吧

伊斯坦布尔英文介绍Istanbul (Turkey)

Known in previous incarnations （作为化身、代表）as Byzantium （拜占庭）and Constantinople （君士坦丁堡）, the ancient city of Istanbul has over the past few decades grown a healthy cosmopolitan skin. Turkey had an economic good time in the 1980s that led in turn to resurgence （恢复生机）in national tourism when the thoroughfares of Istanbul were crowded with new restaurants, hotels, cafes and cultural institutions. The feel-good optimism was dashed by a devastating earthquake in 1999 but the city has since recovered some if its equanimity （心绪平静）.

The Bosphorus, the strait flowing between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, creates a natural north-south divide in Istanbul - European Istanbul comprises the bulk（大部分）of the city to the west, while Asian Istanbul is to the east. European Istanbul is itself divided by the Golden Horn into the Old City to the south, and Beyoglu and other modern districts to the north.

The Old City is where you'll find all the main sights, such as Topkapi Sarayi (Topkapi Palace), Sultan Ahmet Camii (Blue Mosque), Aya Sofya (Sancta Sophia), the Atmeydani (Hippodrome) and the old city walls. The 21st-century version of Istanbul is a short walk north across the Galata Bridge, and is exemplified by bustling Taksim Square, the eye of the city's commercial storm. Buses, trams and the developing Metro system, not to mention footpower, will get you around the two main parts of the city - ferries（渡轮）can run you between them and across the Bosphorus to Asian Istanbul, although there's little of interest for tourists in this suburban area.

Answer 1

英汉对照：

伊斯坦布尔 Istanbul
旧称君士坦丁堡(Constantinople)，古称拜占廷(Byzantium)。
土耳其城市和海港。位于黑海口的一个半岛上，是土耳其最大城市，坐落在博斯普鲁斯海峡两岸，地跨亚欧两洲。公元前8世纪拜占廷被建成一个希腊殖民地。公元前512年移交给波斯帝国，后来又被亚历山大大帝统治，公元1世纪拜占廷成为罗马人治下的一个自由城。330年君士坦丁一世将罗马帝国的首都定于该城，后更名为君士坦丁堡。它一直是拜占廷帝国的都城，直到5世纪末罗马帝国衰落。6～13世纪该城先后被波斯人、阿拉伯人、保加利亚人和俄罗斯人围攻。第四次十字军东征时被占领(1203)，由拉丁基督教徒统治。该城1261年重归拜占廷统治。1453年成为奥斯曼帝国的都城，取名为伊斯坦布尔。1923年土耳其将首都移到安卡拉，君士坦丁堡于1930年正式更名为伊斯坦布尔。该城许多历史古迹都位于中世纪有围墙的古城(斯坦布尔)。伊斯坦布尔的建筑珍品包括圣索非亚教堂、苏莱曼清真寺(1550～1557)和布鲁清真寺。其教育机构有伊斯坦布尔大学(1453年成立)，为土耳其最古老的大学。

Istanbul

formerly Constantinople ancient Byzantium

Situated on a peninsula at the entrance to the Black Sea, Turkey's largest city lies on either side of the Bosporus and thus is located in both Europe and Asia. Byzantium was founded as a Greek colony in the 8th century BC. Passing to the Persian Achaemenian dynasty in 512 BC and then to Alexander the Great, it became a free city under the Romans in the 1st century AD. The emperor Constantine I made the city the seat of the Eastern Roman Empire in 330, later naming it Constantinople. It remained the capital of the subsequent Byzantine Empire after the fall of Rome in the late 5th century. In the 6th–13th centuries it was frequently besieged by Persians, Arabs, Bulgars, and Russians. It was captured by the Fourth Crusade (1203) and turned over to Latin Christian rule. It was returned to Byzantine rule in 1261. In 1453 it was captured by the Ottoman Empire and made the Ottoman capital. When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930. Many of the city's historic sites are located in the medieval walled city (Stamboul). Among its architectural treasures are the Hagia Sophia, the Mosque of Süleyman, and the Blue Mosque. Its educational institutions include the University of Istanbul (founded 1453), Turkey's oldest university.

Answer 2

英汉对照：

伊斯坦布尔 Istanbul
旧称君士坦丁堡(Constantinople)，古称拜占廷(Byzantium)。
土耳其城市和海港。位于黑海口的一个半岛上，是土耳其最大城市，坐落在博斯普鲁斯海峡两岸，地跨亚欧两洲。公元前8世纪拜占廷被建成一个希腊殖民地。公元前512年移交给波斯帝国，后来又被亚历山大大帝统治，公元1世纪拜占廷成为罗马人治下的一个自由城。330年君士坦丁一世将罗马帝国的首都定于该城，后更名为君士坦丁堡。它一直是拜占廷帝国的都城，直到5世纪末罗马帝国衰落。6～13世纪该城先后被波斯人、阿拉伯人、保加利亚人和俄罗斯人围攻。第四次十字军东征时被占领(1203)，由拉丁基督教徒统治。该城1261年重归拜占廷统治。1453年成为奥斯曼帝国的都城，取名为伊斯坦布尔。1923年土耳其将首都移到安卡拉，君士坦丁堡于1930年正式更名为伊斯坦布尔。该城许多历史古迹都位于中世纪有围墙的古城(斯坦布尔)。伊斯坦布尔的建筑珍品包括圣索非亚教堂、苏莱曼清真寺(1550～1557)和布鲁清真寺。其教育机构有伊斯坦布尔大学(1453年成立)，为土耳其最古老的大学。

Istanbul

formerly Constantinople ancient Byzantium

Situated on a peninsula at the entrance to the Black Sea, Turkey's largest city lies on either side of the Bosporus and thus is located in both Europe and Asia. Byzantium was founded as a Greek colony in the 8th century BC. Passing to the Persian Achaemenian dynasty in 512 BC and then to Alexander the Great, it became a free city under the Romans in the 1st century AD. The emperor Constantine I made the city the seat of the Eastern Roman Empire in 330, later naming it Constantinople. It remained the capital of the subsequent Byzantine Empire after the fall of Rome in the late 5th century. In the 6th–13th centuries it was frequently besieged by Persians, Arabs, Bulgars, and Russians. It was captured by the Fourth Crusade (1203) and turned over to Latin Christian rule. It was returned to Byzantine rule in 1261. In 1453 it was captured by the Ottoman Empire and made the Ottoman capital. When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930. Many of the city's historic sites are located in the medieval walled city (Stamboul). Among its architectural treasures are the Hagia Sophia, the Mosque of Süleyman, and the Blue Mosque. Its educational institutions include the University of Istanbul (founded 1453), Turkey's oldest university.

Answer 3

伊斯坦堡在其存在的历史之中曾拥有过很多个不同的名字，这些名字都是受该市统治者的文化、语言和宗教所影响。而拜占庭、君士坦丁堡和士坦堡这些旧名现时仍然是某些国家活跃使用的名称。除这些名字之外，伊斯坦堡亦曾被称为「新罗马」或「第二罗马」，因为罗马帝国君主君士坦丁大帝在古代希腊殖民地拜占庭城建立了罗马帝国的纯正基督教首都，以抗衡仍有大量异教徒充斥的罗马城。[1] 伊斯坦堡亦别名「七座山丘的城市」，因为该市的老城是由君士坦丁建於七座山丘上，以与罗马的七座山丘相映衬。这七座山丘在市徽内以七座清真寺代表，每座山上一座。[2]由於伊斯坦堡在整个中世纪有著极高的重要性和丰厚的财富，所以伊斯坦堡的另一个别名是Vasileousa Polis (「众城市的女王」)
The modern Turkish name İstanbul (IPA: [istambul] or colloquial [ɨstanbul]) is attested (in a range of different variants) since the 10th century, at first in Armenian and Arabic and then in Turkish sources; it has been the common name for the city in normal speech in Turkish even since before the conquest of 1453. It derives from the Greek phrase "εις την ∏όλιν" or "στην ∏όλη" [(i)stimboli(n)], both meaning "in the city" or "to the city".[2]

Byzantium is the first known name of the city. When Roman emperor Constantine I (Constantine the Great) made the city the new eastern capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, 330, he conferred on it the name Nova Roma ("New Rome"). Constantinople ("City of Constantine") was the name by which the city became soon more widely known instead of Nova Roma, in honour of Constantine I. It is first attested in official use under emperor Theodosius II (408-450).[3] It remained the principal official name of the city throughout the Byzantine period, and the most common name used for it in the West until the early 20th century.

The city has also been nicknamed "The City on Seven Hills" because the historic peninsula, the oldest part of the city, was built on seven hills (just like Rome). The hills are represented in the city's coat of arms with seven mosques, one at the top of each hill.[4] Two of many other old nicknames of Istanbul are Vasilevousa Polis ("Queen of Cities"), which rose from its importance and wealth throughout the Middle Ages and "Dersaadet," originally Der-i Saadet (The door to happiness) which was first used twoards the end of 19th century and still remembered.

With the Turkish Postal Service Law of March 28, 1930, the Turkish authorities officially requested foreigners to adopt Istanbul as the sole name also in their own languages

Answer 4

Istanbul's Blue Mosque
Istanbul's Blue Mosque(清真寺) was built partly as an effort to show Christians that Ottoman(土耳其人) culture could produce something to rival the Hagia Sophia. The architect(建筑), Sedefkâr Mehmet Aÿa, was looking to rival(竞争者) the visual experience of Istanbul's famous church. And it is in fact an architectural(建筑上的) masterpiece(杰作). And it is built so that visitors to the city can see both the mosque and the Hagia Sophia(教堂名), and can compare the two...
The mosque is also one of the most noticeable(著名的) landmarks(里程碑) in Istanbul, particularly as you stand on the Asian side of the city, along the shore of the Sea of Marmara. If size and location(位置) alone don't distinguish(著名) it for visitors, its unusual array(排列) of six minarets(清真寺的尖塔) make the mosque unmistakable(不会弄错的).
Sultan Ahmet I ordered the construction(建造) of the Blue Mosque in 1609. It was completed in 1616.
The mosque is huge, with a capacity(容纳) of about 10,000 people; among the first experiences for a visitor to the mosque is coming to is the courtyard. Ablution fountains around the courtyard allow Muslims to prepare to enter the mosque by wash their face, arms, neck and feet as well as mouth and nose. The courtyard is tiered( 阶梯式的)and marble(大理石) steps take visitors from one level to the next.

Being inside the mosque makes one feel small. The chandeliers(枝形吊灯) and blue tiles(地砖) (from which the mosque takes its name) create a unique sense of lighting inside. The dimensions(尺寸) of the mosque are (like nearby Hagia Sophia) staggering(摇晃欲倒的). The dome(圆盖)rises to about 140 high and is 77 feet in diameter(直径). Four pillars (柱子)hold up the roof; they measure about 16 feet in diameter. There are some 260 windows.

While the mosque is a necessary visit on any first trip to Istanbul, keep in mind that the historic(历史的) building is still in use as a mosque. Dress appropriately(适当地). And be prepared for the fact that five times a day the most closes to visitors for about 90 minutes will prayer(祈祷者)( takes place. Mid-morning is the best time to visit; prayer takes place at dawn(黎明)( and at noon, which creates a window of about three hours (8:30 to 11:30am) to visit. Exact prayer times vary with the seasons.

Answer 5

众所周知，作为拜占庭和君士坦丁堡早期的化身，远古的城市

伊斯坦布尔由最初不到10个人成长为一个居民遍布世界各地的

城市。在19世纪80年代，当伊斯坦布尔的大街上挤满了饭店、

餐馆、咖啡厅以及文化机构的时候，因为国家旅游经济的苏醒

，正是土耳其经济高速增长的时期。人们幸福的生活被1999年

的一场地震破灭了，但是这个城市因为他的镇定恢复了一些。

博斯普鲁斯，在马尔马拉海和黑海之间流动的海峡，在伊斯坦

布尔造成一个自然的南北划分，欧洲的伊斯坦布尔包含了这个

城市到西方的大部分。当亚洲的伊斯坦布尔到西方。欧洲伊斯

坦布尔本身就是除以黄金非洲之角到老城区到南。并把beyoglu

和其他现代化的地区到北方来。

在老城区你会发现这主要的景点，比如TOPKAPI宫，蓝色清真寺

，索菲亚圣地，古希腊竞技场和老城墙。对于见识这个城市的

商业的繁华来说，21世纪的伊斯坦布尔北部的格拉塔大桥，繁

华的Taksim广场也是一个好的例子。公共汽车、电车和正在建

设中的地铁，这些都可以不用说了，更不用提可以坐渡轮穿越

的两个城市的主要部分：博斯普鲁斯到亚洲伊斯坦布尔，尽管

这个地区对游客来说没什么吸引力。