Question

上市公司 股利政策类型有哪些，各有什么有缺点

Answer 1

, limit laws and regulations. China's laws and regulations of the company's dividend policy has the following three conditions: First, the "Company Law" requirements. "Company Law" Article 130 provides that the issuance of shares to be shares with the same rights, with the shares with Lee. The provisions of section 177 of the order of the dividend distribution, that is, when the distribution of after-tax profit of the company should first extract the statutory fund, statutory public welfare fund (statutory provident fund and statutory extract before the first use of the Community Chest of the year to make up for loss of profits), and then only by shareholders holding Some pro-rata allocation of shares. Co., Ltd. article 179 of the statutory fund shareholders' general meeting resolution to capital, retained by the fund shall not be less than 25 percent of the registered capital. Second, the "Personal Income Tax Act". In accordance with the "Personal Income Tax Law" and the State Administration of Taxation, "on a number of issues of personal income tax levy," which individuals have access to the equity dividend, dividends and stock dividends to 20% of the income tax levy. Third, the "norms of listed companies on notice a number of issues" requirement. (1) a listed company must conduct an interim dividend does pay a dividend, the distribution must be in the interim financial report has been qualified to engage in securities business, drawn up after the accounting firm audit; announced the allocation of medium-term programs may not be before the date of the interim report of listed companies publication date; the medium-term shareholders' general meeting approved the allocation of the program, the Company's Board of Directors held a general meeting of shareholders should be completed within two months of the dividend (or shares) of the distribution of matter. (2) the development of equitable distribution of the program may not be distributed to shareholders as part of cash dividends, and other shareholders to distribute stock dividends; (3) placement of shares of listed companies to develop programs to develop bonus programs at the same time, a placement of shares as a dividend shall not be a prerequisite. (4) of listed companies will be profit bonus program must give Bonus shares and a clear distinction between provident fund to equity and the shareholders of the General Assembly resolution, respectively, the disclosure of sub-items may not be expressed as give Bonus shares both. 2, the national macro-economic environment. The development of a country's economy has a cyclical character. When a country's economy at different development cycle, the country's corporate dividend policies have different effects. Correspondingly, China's listed companies in the formulation of dividend policy by the same macro-economic environment. At present, the performance of the grounds in the form of a few years ago to send a large proportion of the allotment, cash dividends in recent years has increased year by year. 3, inflation. When inflation, the depreciation reserve funds are often unable to meet the needs of asset replacement. Companies in order to maintain its original capacity, need to be filled in retained earnings, when management may adjust its dividend policy, leading to reduction in the level of dividend payments. 4, the financing environment for enterprises. When there is an objective of the financing for a more flexible environment, corporate debt financing can be paid the dividend and rights of the financing of the dividend, which is the company through new debt or new shares to finance the dividend. In general, larger enterprises, the more abundant strength, its ability to finance the capital market will be strong, and greater financial flexibility, of course, their ability to pay dividends stronger. For many smaller companies or new companies formed, it is difficult to take the financing of the dividend policy. 5, the maturity of the market. Maturity of the market, usually can be divided into three forms: weak-form efficient market, semi-strong efficient markets and effective market strong. Market more effective, the higher its maturity. Empirical studies have shown that in more mature capital market (semi-strong efficient market), the cash dividend is the most important form of a dividend, stock dividends decreased. Department of China is still emerging from the capital markets, and mature markets, in China, the stock dividend is still an important form of dividends. 6, where the industry enterprises. Dividend policy has obvious characteristics of the industry. In general, a mature industry, the rate of dividend payout is higher than in emerging industries, public utility companies to pay dividends is higher than companies in other industries. Empirical evidence shows that the industry average dividend payout rate of investment opportunities in the industry was a negative correlation between. 7, the mobility of corporate assets. The so-called liquid assets means assets into cash difficulties. Corporate cash flow and assets, the better the overall liquidity, its ability to pay cash dividends on strong. And growing, profitable enterprises better, as most of the money invested in fixed assets and working capital on a permanent, they are usually not willing to pay cash dividends and jeopardize the enterprise security. 8, the life cycle of enterprises. Usually the business life cycle is divided into the growth stage, development stage and mature stage. At various stages, corporate dividend policy will be subject to different effects. In the growth stage, enterprises need capital investment, in general, relatively low rate of dividend payment; in the development stage, the company began to pay a larger percentage of the dividend proceeds to the shareholders; to a mature stage, due to the relative input-output stable, dividend payout rates and stock returns will be almost unchanged. 9, business investment opportunities. Dividend policy to a large extent influenced by the investment opportunities. If the company more profitable investment opportunities, often using low-dividend, high profit retention policies; the contrary, if the investment is less likely to adopt high-dividend policy. Of course, in the use of low-dividend policy, the company's management must be fully disclosed to shareholders in order to retain profits to invest in high-profit projects, in order to obtain the trust and support of shareholders

追问

干嘛不发中文呢

Answer 2

关于上市公司股利政策（分红方案）的几个概念：
一般来说，上市公司分红有两种形式：向股东派发现金股利和股票股利。
现金股利是指以现金形式向股东发放股利，称为派股息或派息；
现金分红方式可以使投资者获得直接的现金收益，方法简便。国外成熟市场一般认为现金分红属于真正意义上的分红。
股票股利（在我国一般称为送股）是指上市公司向股东无偿赠送股票，即在分红时并不支付现金，而是向股东赠送股票，从而将本年度利润转化为新的股本，留在公司里进行再投资。在我国证券市场热衷于高比例送股，只是为将公司股价除权后降低，便于炒作。
此外，上市公司经常利用资本公积金转增股本。严格来讲，转赠股本并不是分红的一种形式，分红是将当年的收益，在扣除公积金等费用后向股东发放，而转增股本是从公积金中提取的，即将上市公司历年滚存的利润及溢价发行新股的收益通过送股的形式回报投资者，实际效果与送红股基本相同。

上市公司可根据情况选择其中一种形式进行分红，也可以两种形式同时使用。当上市公司处于成长期时，投资机会较多，业绩增长性高，需要进行资本扩张，上市公司偏好送红股的分红形式，以便将利润留存下来，投资到新项目。当上市公司发展步入成熟期后，其投资机会减少，成长性降低，上市公司实施现金分红，以更直接的形式回报股东。从我国的实际情况来看，上市公司规模普遍偏小，许多上市公司都有扩张股本的强烈愿望，分红一般采用派发现金与送红股相结合的形式，其中又以送红股较为普遍。

采取送股或者资本公积金转增股本的方式进行分红，股价要按照比例除权（股价变低）。证券市场上有句俗语“牛市填权、熊市贴权”，目前A股市场应该还处于弱势，高比例送转除权后，股价不太容易填权（指股价上涨，将除权缺口填补）

配股（不属于分红方式）：配股是上市公司向原股东发行新股、筹集资金的行为。按照惯例，公司配股时新股的认购权按照原有股权比例在原股东之间分配，即原股东拥有优先认购权。