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3.FactorsInfluencingPetroleumHydrocarbonDegradationAnumberoflimitingfactorshavebeenre...
3. Factors Influencing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation
A number of limiting factors have been recognized to affect the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, many of which have been discussed by Brusseau [53]. The composition and inherent biodegradability of the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant is the first and foremost important consideration when the suitability of a remediation approach is to be assessed. Among physical factors, temperature plays an important role in biodegradation of hydrocarbons by directly affecting the chemistry of the pollutants as well as affecting the physiology and diversity of the microbial flora. Atlas [54] found that at low temperatures, the viscosity of the oil increased, while the volatility of the toxic low molecular weight hydrocarbons were reduced, delaying the onset of biodegradation.
Temperature also affects the solubility of hydrocarbons [62]. Although hydrocarbon biodegradation can occur over a wide range of temperatures, the rate of biodegradation generally decreases with the decreasing temperature. Figure 1 shows that highest degradation rates that generally occur in the range 30–40C in soil environments, 20–30C in some freshwater environments and 15–20C in marine environments [33, 34]. Venosa and Zhu [63] reported that ambient temperature of the environment affected both the properties of spilled oil and the activity of the microorganisms. Significant biodegradation of hydrocarbons have been reported in psychrophilic environments in temperate regions [64, 65]. 展开
A number of limiting factors have been recognized to affect the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, many of which have been discussed by Brusseau [53]. The composition and inherent biodegradability of the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant is the first and foremost important consideration when the suitability of a remediation approach is to be assessed. Among physical factors, temperature plays an important role in biodegradation of hydrocarbons by directly affecting the chemistry of the pollutants as well as affecting the physiology and diversity of the microbial flora. Atlas [54] found that at low temperatures, the viscosity of the oil increased, while the volatility of the toxic low molecular weight hydrocarbons were reduced, delaying the onset of biodegradation.
Temperature also affects the solubility of hydrocarbons [62]. Although hydrocarbon biodegradation can occur over a wide range of temperatures, the rate of biodegradation generally decreases with the decreasing temperature. Figure 1 shows that highest degradation rates that generally occur in the range 30–40C in soil environments, 20–30C in some freshwater environments and 15–20C in marine environments [33, 34]. Venosa and Zhu [63] reported that ambient temperature of the environment affected both the properties of spilled oil and the activity of the microorganisms. Significant biodegradation of hydrocarbons have been reported in psychrophilic environments in temperate regions [64, 65]. 展开
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3. 影响碳氢化合物分解的因素
影响有很多，但关键是温度。试验证明温度起到很重要的作用。Atlas 发现，温度越低，石油的粘性越高，而其中的有毒的低分子量碳氢化合物的挥发性降低，从而延迟生物降解的开始。
温度同时影响碳氢化合物的溶度。尽管碳氢化合物可以在相当广的温度范围内降解，不过温度越低降解的就越慢。图片1可以发现最快的降解度最易发生在土壤温度30-40C，淡水温度20-30C， 15-20C海洋环境。 Venosa and Zhu 指出环境温度同时影响石油的特性以及微生物的活跃度。
所以，寒冷地带的碳氢化合物分解显得特别重要。
（完）
影响有很多，但关键是温度。试验证明温度起到很重要的作用。Atlas 发现，温度越低，石油的粘性越高，而其中的有毒的低分子量碳氢化合物的挥发性降低，从而延迟生物降解的开始。
温度同时影响碳氢化合物的溶度。尽管碳氢化合物可以在相当广的温度范围内降解，不过温度越低降解的就越慢。图片1可以发现最快的降解度最易发生在土壤温度30-40C，淡水温度20-30C， 15-20C海洋环境。 Venosa and Zhu 指出环境温度同时影响石油的特性以及微生物的活跃度。
所以，寒冷地带的碳氢化合物分解显得特别重要。
（完）
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