高一英语必修三知识点总结
2个回答
2013-05-05
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第一单元
1. starve
vt.&vi. (使)饿死;饥饿;渴望,急需;饿得要死 Shes starving herself trying to lose weight. 她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。 常用结构:
starve for渴望得到…… starve to death 饿死 be starved of极需,缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事 The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。 They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start. starvation n. 挨饿;饿死
2. belief n. \[C/U\] 信任;信仰,信心 believe vi.&vt. 相信
have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心 beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that ... 相信…… It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。 She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。 3. gain
n. 获得;增加;获利,获得物;收益;利润 vt. 得到;获得,赢得,增加,增添,到达;(钟、表等)快 He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is. The company has made notable gains in productivity.
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。易混辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire
gain指在斗争,竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”,所得到的东西常具有一定价值。 win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思,意为“赢得”。 get为普通词,有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 earn意为“赚得”,表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。
acquire意为“获得,取得”,一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。4. award
vt. 授予,奖给(后多接双宾语,在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定 n.奖,奖品;奖金
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team. He got the highest award in the contest. award/prize/reward
award既可作动词也可作名词,指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而
进行的奖励,往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词,多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得,有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词,指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。 He won the award for the best student of the year.
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number. He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
5. admire vt. 赞美;钦佩;羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语,但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。 admiration n. 赞美,钦佩;令人赞美的人或物 admirer n. 钦佩者;羡慕者
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人 express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 in admiration of 表示钦佩
with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。 I admire him for his success in business. Aren‘t you going to admire my new house? 联想拓展
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 demand answer of sb.要求某人答复 ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙 6. remind
vt. 提醒;使想起 常用结构:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。 Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 常用结构:
易错辨析
选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)
①The industry in this area has been going from strength to strength. ②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more . ③How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl? 答案:①clothing②clothes③cloth 联想拓展
take the first place 获得第一名 break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
联想拓展
结构。
联想拓展
搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑
孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。
记住不要戏弄残疾人。 联想拓展
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 (原创) ①Tom liked making fun others in public. ②It’s bad manners to laugh the disabled. ③These boys like playing tricks their teacher. ④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer. 答案:①of②at③on④at 期待某事/做某事(to为介词,后接名词或动名词) 我们应该展望未来。
我熟悉他的作品,并期待他能就文艺创作方面发表自己的见解。 带有介词“to”的短语可用下面这两句话帮助记忆:
习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物,这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时,总期待着增添自己的努力使它开始改变。
习惯于be (get) used to,坚持stick to,反对object to,导致lead to,献身于be devoted to,被宣判为be sentenced to,喜欢prefer...to,谈到come to,期待look forward to,增添add to,开始get down to。 高手过招 ①The boy hurried forward (see) the worldfamous oil painting because he had ②The day I had been looking forward to (come).
③I used to (get) up late, but now I’m used to (get) up early.
解析: (1)选C。句意为:她盼望他归来,就如同他想见到她一样。as引导的是省略句,完整的句子是:as he himself is to looking forward to seeing her。此处分析句子结构,同时熟知出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turn
我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。
我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗? turn on 打开;发动
turn over 打翻;移交;反复考虑 高手过招 ①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t turned yet. ②It’s wrong to turn our motherland.
③Please turn the radio a bit; I’m doing my homewor
1. starve
vt.&vi. (使)饿死;饥饿;渴望,急需;饿得要死 Shes starving herself trying to lose weight. 她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。 常用结构:
starve for渴望得到…… starve to death 饿死 be starved of极需,缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事 The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。 They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start. starvation n. 挨饿;饿死
2. belief n. \[C/U\] 信任;信仰,信心 believe vi.&vt. 相信
have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心 beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that ... 相信…… It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。 She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。 3. gain
n. 获得;增加;获利,获得物;收益;利润 vt. 得到;获得,赢得,增加,增添,到达;(钟、表等)快 He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is. The company has made notable gains in productivity.
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。易混辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire
gain指在斗争,竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”,所得到的东西常具有一定价值。 win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思,意为“赢得”。 get为普通词,有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 earn意为“赚得”,表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。
acquire意为“获得,取得”,一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。4. award
vt. 授予,奖给(后多接双宾语,在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定 n.奖,奖品;奖金
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team. He got the highest award in the contest. award/prize/reward
award既可作动词也可作名词,指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而
进行的奖励,往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词,多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得,有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词,指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。 He won the award for the best student of the year.
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number. He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
5. admire vt. 赞美;钦佩;羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语,但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。 admiration n. 赞美,钦佩;令人赞美的人或物 admirer n. 钦佩者;羡慕者
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人 express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 in admiration of 表示钦佩
with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。 I admire him for his success in business. Aren‘t you going to admire my new house? 联想拓展
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 demand answer of sb.要求某人答复 ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙 6. remind
vt. 提醒;使想起 常用结构:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。 Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 常用结构:
易错辨析
选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)
①The industry in this area has been going from strength to strength. ②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more . ③How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl? 答案:①clothing②clothes③cloth 联想拓展
take the first place 获得第一名 break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
联想拓展
结构。
联想拓展
搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑
孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。
记住不要戏弄残疾人。 联想拓展
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 (原创) ①Tom liked making fun others in public. ②It’s bad manners to laugh the disabled. ③These boys like playing tricks their teacher. ④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer. 答案:①of②at③on④at 期待某事/做某事(to为介词,后接名词或动名词) 我们应该展望未来。
我熟悉他的作品,并期待他能就文艺创作方面发表自己的见解。 带有介词“to”的短语可用下面这两句话帮助记忆:
习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物,这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时,总期待着增添自己的努力使它开始改变。
习惯于be (get) used to,坚持stick to,反对object to,导致lead to,献身于be devoted to,被宣判为be sentenced to,喜欢prefer...to,谈到come to,期待look forward to,增添add to,开始get down to。 高手过招 ①The boy hurried forward (see) the worldfamous oil painting because he had ②The day I had been looking forward to (come).
③I used to (get) up late, but now I’m used to (get) up early.
解析: (1)选C。句意为:她盼望他归来,就如同他想见到她一样。as引导的是省略句,完整的句子是:as he himself is to looking forward to seeing her。此处分析句子结构,同时熟知出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turn
我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。
我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗? turn on 打开;发动
turn over 打翻;移交;反复考虑 高手过招 ①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t turned yet. ②It’s wrong to turn our motherland.
③Please turn the radio a bit; I’m doing my homewor
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情态动词
情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might /can, could(也许,或许)。 (1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 (1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长,他去美国了。 3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 (1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗? (2)Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?
注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 (1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如: (4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测) (5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 (6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组
名词性从句
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如: The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might /can, could(也许,或许)。 (1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 (1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长,他去美国了。 3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 (1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗? (2)Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?
注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 (1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如: (4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测) (5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 (6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组
名词性从句
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如: The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
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