Question

when she was still in her 30s,___essays in such important magazines as partisan review

when she was still in her 30s,___essays in such important magazines as partisan review,susan sontag a-ppeared as the symbol of american cultural lfe.
A published B having published C to publish D publishing
答案是D原因状语。我想问的是B是不是要有先后关系，是和谁比较先后呢是aprared 吗

Answer 1

这句话的意思你要看懂：
在她还是30多岁的时候，她就在诸如《党派评论》这样如此有影响力的杂志里发表自己的随笔（论文），因此，苏珊·桑塔格作为一个美国文化生活的象征出现在公众面前。

看翻译可以知道，这里并不强调前后顺序，如果强调的话，那么最后半句就会用which made Susan Sontag a symbol of American cultural life.

这里强调的是原因，作为最后半句的铺垫与情况介绍。

从语法角度更一步来看，前面两句是可以合并的 Susan Sontag published essays in such important magazines as partisan review when she was still in her 30s. 很明显，如果这里用had published 的话，就和后面的时间状语有所不符，in her 30s表示的是一段时间，一段时间是不可以用完成时的。如果改成by the end of her 30s，那么就可以了。