
求莎士比亚著作里的人物分析(英文)?急~!!! 100
求莎士比亚的著作里的人物分析,英文的,1000单词左右。除《哈姆雷特》除外。求《格列佛游记》里的人物分析?小弟在这里谢谢大家了?最好是要某一个人物的分析~!没说清楚请见谅...
求莎士比亚的著作里的人物分析,英文的,1000单词左右。除《哈姆雷特》除外。
求《格列佛游记》里的人物分析?
小弟在这里谢谢大家了?
最好是要某一个人物的分析~!没说清楚请见谅。 展开
求《格列佛游记》里的人物分析?
小弟在这里谢谢大家了?
最好是要某一个人物的分析~!没说清楚请见谅。 展开
2个回答
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《麦克白》;悲剧;女性原型;原罪意识原型 -【作者简介】
郭立军(1978- ),男,北京航空航天大学外语系硕士研究生;研究方向:英美文学.
1. 引 言
"四大悲剧"一般被认为是莎士比亚戏剧创作的顶峰——忧愁王子哈姆雷特的复仇;常胜将军奥赛罗
的深情善妒;悲情李尔王游走孤单的迟暮之旅;麦克白野心贪求非份的富贵权位.莎士比亚以其超凡的人
事洞察力,精采的艺术感染力,开展世情百态的丰致画卷,引领世世代代的读者,共同细腻体味嗔,爱,
痴,贪的人间风景.其悲剧"无常的,危险的,充满死亡,他所有的悲剧都不可避免地发展成灾难,这些
悲剧都以主人公的死亡而告终".然而是什么促使这些主人公出现悲剧性的结局呢 本文将用原型理论以
《麦克白》为例证进行分析.
2. 险恶女性原型
原型批评认为原型女性分为三种.第一种是积极意义上的大地母亲形象.她们体现出的主要性格是包
容,慈善,关怀,她像大地一样胸怀宽广,像大地养育万物一样充满母性;第二种是消极意思上的恶女性.
指的是女巫,妓女,妖女,荡妇等等,她们代表了黑暗,凶险,支离破碎,死亡恐怖性的无意识.第三种
指的是那种精神伴侣,精神的化身,公主或神圣母亲的形象.如果将女性批评纳入视野,就会发现,在莎
士比亚的剧作中,世界的安全感和秩序感和其中的女性有着直接或者间接的联系.在他所构建的一个个破
碎,崩溃,充满残杀,毁灭和死亡的黑暗世界里,女性的超越规范——破坏力加速了男主人公悲惨结局的
出现. 而在《麦克白》中,有具有男性般的智慧和机智,拥有财产和权力的女人——麦克白夫人,也有那些
靠话语力量或喋喋不休,打破沉默"用舌头的利剑进行进攻的悍妇,女性的预言者——女巫",她们欲壑
难填,野心勃勃,阴险毒辣,残酷无情,变化多端,神秘莫测,属于第二种原型女性.她们巨大的破坏力
是母性之创造力的毁灭性体现,在她们身上体现了作为社会对立面的否定性与叛逆性,体现了女性邪恶的
一面.正是这种邪恶造成了悲剧的结局.西方父系文化通过不断强化两性的差异,确定并巩固无法消除的
性别文化差异和不平等,社会秩序和家庭的和谐都是建立在明确的性别规定上的.而性别差异的消失,两
性的混淆,标志着自然常规和自然法则的改变.因此,具有男人气或男人气十足的女人对男权社会是一种
威胁(孙海芳,2005:36).如麦克白夫人向掌管杀人念头的精灵乞求,使自己强大;让自己从头到脚充
《麦克白》的领类分析
53
满最凶狠的残忍.她具有男性般的顽强意志和坚定性格,野心勃勃,心狠手辣."她一经形成作恶的打算
就不会因软弱,女人性的懊悔而改变","她是一个伟大的坏女人,使我们恨她".她是可怕的,因为她对
男性的觊觎,对正常自然秩序的破坏.她只该生养男孩,因为她具有无所畏惧的气质,只能造就男人;可
是她却摒弃了男人与女人通常包含的意义.她身上的男性特征以及权力欲望转化为可怕的毁灭力量,最终
加速了英雄的毁灭和国家的灭亡.正如斯蒂娜 拉娜在《巫术与宗教》中所说的:"那些表现出男人们认
为的通常为男性所独有如自主和侵略行为的特征的妇女是危险的;没有履行适合妇女所做的如侍候男人和
抚养儿女的功能思想的妇女更是可怕的".
《麦克白》中的女巫也脱离不了这类干系,女巫在麦克白觊求王位,刺杀国王夺取王位的过程中起了
催化剂的作用.最终将这位战场上的英雄,人人爱戴的将官逼到无路可走——死亡.她们是"不真实的",
"爱好破坏的","引发人性中被压抑的邪恶的",她们放荡不羁,置身荒野,姐妹组团,恐怖联欢,花言
巧语,能用她们的预言导致稳定的社会和个人的崩溃,世界在她们的舞蹈中被跳得天昏地暗.海涅认为在
女巫的形象中,莎士比亚吸收了古代北方传说中向人预言王冠的女巫原型,这里变成"兴妖作怪,去除了
原来北方那种典雅,使她们成为不雌不雄的祸星,呼风唤雨,招谴精灵",这类女性,造成了世界的悲哀.
莎士比亚这样创作的意图也许是让世人在了解女性的创造力的同时也不要忽视其极大的破坏力.这里强化
了女性与道德败坏之间的联系,将女性与死亡,破坏联系在一起,同时也在告警世人这样的女人对男性的
危害——红颜祸水,尽管带有浓重的男权色彩.
3. 原罪意识原型
莎士比亚既是文艺复兴时期伟大的文学人文主义者,又是一个充满了宗教情怀的,对《圣经》相当了
解的基督徒,也就是说他的创作思想既是人文主义的又是宗教的.在《圣经》中,上帝对人类始祖发出了
严重的警告:只有分辨善恶树上的智慧果不能吃,吃了就必定死.然而夏娃禁不住蛇的诱惑偷吃了伊甸园
的智慧果,而且还劝亚当去吃智慧果,人类始祖就这样犯下了罪.上帝发现后,为了惩罚他们将他们赶出
了伊甸园,从此人类就注定开始了受罚——让人类生来就有一种罪恶感.女人夏娃引诱亚当做了错事,他
们受到了惩罚;亚当夏娃的后代麦克白也同样犯了罪,也同样是在女人——妻子和女巫的怂恿引诱之下原
罪意识被唤醒了,他们同样不能摆脱原罪的惩罚.麦克白不是一个彻底的坏人,在他身上良知与邪恶并存,
正如黑格尔指出:"麦克白的性格决定了他追求名位的野心,起初他还是踟躇不定,但接着他伸手去抓王
冠,为了这个目的他杀死了国王;为了保住王位他不惜采取一切残忍的手段".其实正是基督教的原罪观
念和忏悔意识,控制和主宰了麦克白走向性格的分裂变形,乃至最后悲剧收场.在剧本开端,他是个正面
的人物,他保家卫国,对国王忠贞不二,正是这种忠贞鼓舞他使他在疆场上象战神一样勇敢,成为民族的
骄傲,在他看来人的美德与荣誉是人的内在价值所在,但是由于原罪的意识和他对荣誉的追求相抵触,使
得他内心矛盾激化分裂,最终落个裹茧自缚,声名俱损的下场.
在遇到女巫前,他心中的美德还是占主导地位的,内心虽有邪念但是并没有发展到正面的强烈的冲突.
但是女巫的"麦克白,未来的君主"的语言立即引发了他内心隐藏的,压抑的,罪恶的欲望和野心,就这
样人类的原罪真正的被唤醒,点燃了(万孟群,2005:23).他的妻子也是添油加柴.没有外因,内因发
挥主导作用的程度也不会那么深."我却认为你天性忧虑,充满了太多的人情乳臭,使你不敢采取最近的
捷径;你希望做一个伟大的人物,你不是没有野心,可是你缺少和那种野心相联系的奸邪狡诈,你的欲望
很大,但你希望通过正当的手段,一方面你不愿意玩弄机关,另一方面你却作非分之想,让我把我的精神
力量注入到你的耳中,让我舌间的勇气把那阻止你得到王冠的一切障碍清除吧."从这些话,我们看出,
麦克白的妻子早知道他有野心,于是她就推波助澜起东风了.他经历了疆场荣誉(伊甸园之美)——谋命
弑君(轼君犯罪)——死于疆场(以死赎罪)这个模式.莎士比亚在麦克白身上渗透了原罪意识,原罪意
《麦克白》的领类分析
54
识原型也体现地非常明了,这证明了人身上"恶"的根深蒂固.如果麦克白在杀死邓肯之后,能够忏悔自
心,不再滥杀无辜,他是有可能做个好国王的.可是他一方面受良心的折磨,有忏悔之意,但另一方面却
不能抵制原罪的恶,一意孤行,滥杀无辜,最终引起民愤,自取灭亡.在生与死的较量中,他孤注一掷地
战斗下去了,他的身上仍然具有执著的意志和巨大的胆识.他摆脱了道德的限制,任意释放自己的能量.
他"将要藐视命运,唾弃人生,超越一切的情理,排弃一切顾虑,执著他不可能的希望".麦克白的悲剧又
进了一步,"我的头脑永远不会被疑虑所困惑,我的心灵永远不会被恐惧所振荡".虽然他"深陷于血泊之
中",再"涉血前进",但也只是一种出于生命本能的一种反抗而已.最后,外界的围攻使麦克白无力挽回自
己的命运,他开始对别人进行追杀,习惯了杀戮,他无所畏惧,也无所担心,为了保护自己的权力,反对
女巫所谓的"只能一代为王"的说法,他最终杀害了班柯,血洗麦克德夫城堡,杀害了麦克德夫.尽管所有
的杀戮行为将麦克白的凶狠残暴暴露无遗,但是他头脑清醒,目标明确,行动果断,不断地施行一次次杀
戮行为,这是他心中那种罪在作恶,自己受到驱使,但是心中也存在一种长期历史留给人类的那种道德,
道理和舆论的力量及心里的压力使他最终走向灭亡,也许这就是他真正才能赎罪获得重生的方式.
4. 结 语
莎士比亚以其洞察人性的敏锐观察力与丰富细腻的刻画创造力,被公认为世界上最伟大的作家之一,
也是影响后世最巨的一代文豪.他的作品反映了真实的人生百态.《麦克白》这部剧作,可以看成是一部
超越了道德的评判,撼人心扉的悲剧.主人公的失败,也预示了一位巨人的死亡,一位巨人的毁灭.本文
通过女性原型和原罪意识原型解读分析了引发悲剧内涵更深层的原因和意义.然而这还远远不够,这部作
品值得读者并需要读者进行更深远的探讨.
Macbeth "; tragedy female prototype; prototype of the Immaculate Conception - [About the author:
Guo Lijun (1978 -), M, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Foreign Languages postgraduates; Direction: English and American Literature.
1. INTRODUCTION
"Four Tragedies" are generally considered to be the pinnacle of Shakespeare's dramatic creation - Revenge of Hamlet Prince of sadness; Changsheng General Othello
Affectionate Shandu; tragedy King Lear Chimu migration lonely journey; Macbeth ambitions greed of the non-rich power. Shakespeare with extraordinary people
Insightful things, a brilliant artistic appeal, in the abundance of World preferred to picture scroll, led generations of readers, Chen common delicate appreciate, love,
Filthy, like the human landscape. Its tragedy, "volatile, dangerous, full of death, all of his tragedy inevitably develop into a disaster,
Tragedy to have ended with the death of the player. "However, what makes these tragic heroine in the outcome of this paper will be used to prototype theory
"Macbeth" as examples for analysis.
2. Sinister female prototype
Prototype criticisms that women divided into three prototype. First one is the positive image of the mother earth. Reflect their personality is the main package
Rong, charitable, caring, as she earth as broad-minded, like raising the earth is full of things like motherhood; second is a negative meaning of evil women.
Refer to the witches, prostitutes, Yaoru,荡妇and so on, they represent the dark and dangerous, fragmentation, the senseless death of terror. Third
Refers to the spirit of partners, the embodiment of the spirit of Princess Margaret or the mother's sacred image. Criticism if the women into the field of vision, we will find that in Lufthansa
Shibie a play, the world's sense of security and sense of order and of the women has a direct or indirect contact. Constructed in his one break
Broken, collapse, full of carnage, destruction and death Heianshijie, women beyond norms - accelerated the destructive outcome of the tragic heroine men
There, and in "Macbeth", as men have the wisdom and tact, to own property and powers of the women - Lady Macbeth, but also those who
Discourse on the strength or chatterbox, Breaking the Silence "with the tongue of a sword attack Hanfu, the female prophet - witches," they greed
Difficult to fill, ambitious, sinister sinister, ruthless, making enigmatic, women belonging to the second prototype. Their enormous destructive power
Motherhood is the destruction of creativity manifested in their possession embodies the antithesis as the negative social and Pannixing, embodies the evil of women
Side. This evil is a tragic outcome. Patrilineal culture of the West through continuously strengthen gender differences, and to identify and consolidate not go away
Cultural differences and gender inequality, social order and harmony in the family are built on clear on the gender requirements. Gender differences and the disappearance of two
Of confusion marked conventional and natural laws of nature change. Therefore, the gas man or men with a lot of men and women is a social right
Threats (Sunhaifang, 2005:36). Such as Lady Macbeth to kill the idea of the wizard in charge of begging, and make our own strong; let themselves from head to toe charge
"Macbeth" from the type of analysis
53
For the most vicious cruelty. Men as she has the will and firm character, ambitious, Xinhenshoula. "She formed a plan to evil
Not on the weak, women and the change of remorse "," she is a great bad woman, so that we hate her. "She is terrible, because she
Coveted men on the normal natural order of the damage. She nurtured the boys, because she is fearless temperament, men can only be created; can
She has abandoned the men and women usually contain significance. Her male characteristics, as well as their desire into a terrible destructive power, and ultimately
Accelerated destruction of the hero and the country's downfall. Shidinalana as "Witchcraft and religion", said: "The performance of the men who identified
For the usually male autonomy and unique acts of aggression such as the characteristics of women is dangerous; not suitable for women to serve as done by the men and
Child-rearing functions thinking of the women are terrible. "
"Macbeth" from the witches can also do this, Cairns witches in Macbeth for the throne, the King assassination in the process of seizing the throne from the
The role of a catalyst. Will eventually be the hero on the battlefield, and everyone loved the generals cornered nowhere to go - Death. They are "untrue"
"Loved damage", "triggered by the repression of human evil," they Fangdangbuji, outside wilderness, sister groups, terrorist gathering, flowers statement
Qiao language, their predictions can lead to a stable social and personal collapse, and the world of dance, they were jumping Tianhundean. Heine think
The image of witches Shakespeare, absorption of the ancient legends of the north to the crown of the witches predicted prototype here into a "Xingjiaozuoguai, in addition to
That the original North elegant, so that they do not become non-estrogen-evil, powerful and open contingent Wizard ", such women, resulting in the world's tragedy.
Shakespeare may be the intention of this creation is to understand the world in the women's creativity at the same time not to lose sight of its great destructive power. Here to strengthen
Women and the link between moral turpitude, women and death, destruction linked, and also warning the world of women to men
Harms - Hongyan has brought troubles, despite a strong man with the right color.
3. Prototype of the Immaculate Conception
Shakespeare is the great Renaissance humanist literature, is a religious sentiments, "the Bible" is the
Solutions for Christians, that is his creative thinking is humanism is religion. "Bible", God sent a human ancestor
Serious warning: Only distinguish good and evil the wisdom of fruit trees can not eat, eating it will surely die. Snake But the temptation of Eve tempted Touchi the Garden of Eden
The wisdom of fruit, but also urged Adam eating fruit wisdom, it is so human ancestor committed a crime. Found God, in order to punish them will be expelled from their
The Garden of Eden, humanity is doomed from the start penalty - let alone a human born guilt. Eve tempted Adam woman done wrong, he
They were punished; the descendants of Adam Eve Macbeth also committed a crime, and also in the woman - the wife and witches under the instigation of the lure
Was awakened awareness of the crime, they can not shake off the same original sin punishment. Macbeth is not a completely bad man, in his possession conscience and evil coexist,
As Hegel said: "Macbeth's character determines his reputation and the pursuit of ambition, he was initially hesitant Chu volatile, but then he breaks out-Hand
Champion, for this purpose he killed a king, in order to keep the throne he does not hesitate to take all cruel means. "Was in fact the Christian concept of original sin
Nian awareness and repentance, control and dominate the character of Macbeth to the separatist deformation, and the final tragedy. Script in the beginning, he is a positive
The figures, he defending the country, the country Wangzhongzhen Singularity, it is this loyalty he inspired in his battlefields on the same courage as the God of War, a nation
Proud of, in his view of human virtue and honor the intrinsic value, but because of the sense of original sin and his pursuit of honor conflict,
Sharpening the contradictions in his heart split, with a final wrap cocoon Zifu, both loss of reputation fate.
In the face of the Witch, in his mind or the virtues of the dominant heart although Xienian However, there is no strong positive development to the conflict.
But witches "Macbeth, the future monarch," the language of his heart immediately triggered a hidden, oppressive, evil desires and ambitions, this
Kind of original sin real human being awakened, lit (10,000 Meng Qun, 2005:23), he is also the wife of Tim oil and firewood. No external factors, the internal
Hui leading role in the degree will not be so deep. "Nature but I think you worry too much with the human Ruxiu, you dare not take the recent
Companion; you want to be a great man, you are not without ambition, but that you lack ambition and associated Ganye cunning, your desire
Great, but you hope that through legitimate means, on the one hand you do not want to play organs, on the other hand you have to Feibanzhixiang, let me put my spirit
Power injected into your ears, let me tongue the courage to stop you get that crown removal of all obstacles to it. "From these, we see that
Macbeth's wife knows he has ambitions, so she had to add fuel to the flames from the Dongfeng. Honor he has experienced Battlefields (Eden of the United States) - seeking life
弑-jun (Shi-jun crime) - died in battlefields (death atonement) the model. Shakespeare's Macbeth who infiltrated in the sense of original sin, the original sin Italy
"Macbeth" from the type of analysis
54
Know prototype also reflected in a very clear, This proves that the person "evil," the deep-rooted. Killed if Duncan in Macbeth, to repent since
Heart, not the killing of the innocent, he is likely to be a good king but he tortured conscience on the one hand, repentance Italy, but on the other hand,
Original sin could not resist the evil, bent, killed innocent people, eventually aroused public indignation, suicidal. In the life-and-death contest, and his desperate
Continue fighting, his body still have the will and dedication tremendous courage. Him from the moral constraints, arbitrary release their energy.
He "will have to defy fate, spurned by life, beyond all reason, Pai abandoned all concerns, persistent he could not hope." Is the tragedy of Macbeth
A step forward, "My mind will never be confused by the doubts, my soul will never be fear oscillation." Although he "bogged down in a pool of blood
China, "and to" advance for blood ", but only a life out of an instinctive resistance only Finally, the siege of the outside world to restore the inability Macbeth
Own destiny, he began to others to pursue and kill people, accustomed to the killings, he fearlessly, and no fear, in order to protect their own power, oppose
Witch the so-called "only for the generation of Wang" He eventually killed classes Ko,血洗Maikedefu castle, killing Maikedefu. Despite all
Macbeth will be the killing of the vicious acts of brutality exposed, but his sober-minded, clear objectives and acted decisively to implement a continuous killing,
Lu, which is not in his mind that the crime continues to be driven by its own, but also the hearts of the existence of a long history of the kind of moral left mankind,
Reasoning and the power of public opinion and pressure on his heart eventually die, and perhaps this is his atonement can be truly reborn way.
4. Conclusion
Shakespeare's insight into his keen observation of human nature and the rich delicate portrait of creativity, is recognized as the world's greatest writer of
Giant is also the most impact on future generations generation writer, his works reflected the real life is preferred. "Macbeth" the dramas, can be seen as a
Beyond the moral judgement, the tragedy of awesome hearts. Player failure, but also foretells the death of a giant, a giant destruction. Paper
Women through prototype and prototype Interpretation of the Immaculate Conception awareness of the tragedy triggered a deeper connotation of the causes and significance. However, this is far from enough, for this
Goods worth readers and readers need of a more far-reaching.
郭立军(1978- ),男,北京航空航天大学外语系硕士研究生;研究方向:英美文学.
1. 引 言
"四大悲剧"一般被认为是莎士比亚戏剧创作的顶峰——忧愁王子哈姆雷特的复仇;常胜将军奥赛罗
的深情善妒;悲情李尔王游走孤单的迟暮之旅;麦克白野心贪求非份的富贵权位.莎士比亚以其超凡的人
事洞察力,精采的艺术感染力,开展世情百态的丰致画卷,引领世世代代的读者,共同细腻体味嗔,爱,
痴,贪的人间风景.其悲剧"无常的,危险的,充满死亡,他所有的悲剧都不可避免地发展成灾难,这些
悲剧都以主人公的死亡而告终".然而是什么促使这些主人公出现悲剧性的结局呢 本文将用原型理论以
《麦克白》为例证进行分析.
2. 险恶女性原型
原型批评认为原型女性分为三种.第一种是积极意义上的大地母亲形象.她们体现出的主要性格是包
容,慈善,关怀,她像大地一样胸怀宽广,像大地养育万物一样充满母性;第二种是消极意思上的恶女性.
指的是女巫,妓女,妖女,荡妇等等,她们代表了黑暗,凶险,支离破碎,死亡恐怖性的无意识.第三种
指的是那种精神伴侣,精神的化身,公主或神圣母亲的形象.如果将女性批评纳入视野,就会发现,在莎
士比亚的剧作中,世界的安全感和秩序感和其中的女性有着直接或者间接的联系.在他所构建的一个个破
碎,崩溃,充满残杀,毁灭和死亡的黑暗世界里,女性的超越规范——破坏力加速了男主人公悲惨结局的
出现. 而在《麦克白》中,有具有男性般的智慧和机智,拥有财产和权力的女人——麦克白夫人,也有那些
靠话语力量或喋喋不休,打破沉默"用舌头的利剑进行进攻的悍妇,女性的预言者——女巫",她们欲壑
难填,野心勃勃,阴险毒辣,残酷无情,变化多端,神秘莫测,属于第二种原型女性.她们巨大的破坏力
是母性之创造力的毁灭性体现,在她们身上体现了作为社会对立面的否定性与叛逆性,体现了女性邪恶的
一面.正是这种邪恶造成了悲剧的结局.西方父系文化通过不断强化两性的差异,确定并巩固无法消除的
性别文化差异和不平等,社会秩序和家庭的和谐都是建立在明确的性别规定上的.而性别差异的消失,两
性的混淆,标志着自然常规和自然法则的改变.因此,具有男人气或男人气十足的女人对男权社会是一种
威胁(孙海芳,2005:36).如麦克白夫人向掌管杀人念头的精灵乞求,使自己强大;让自己从头到脚充
《麦克白》的领类分析
53
满最凶狠的残忍.她具有男性般的顽强意志和坚定性格,野心勃勃,心狠手辣."她一经形成作恶的打算
就不会因软弱,女人性的懊悔而改变","她是一个伟大的坏女人,使我们恨她".她是可怕的,因为她对
男性的觊觎,对正常自然秩序的破坏.她只该生养男孩,因为她具有无所畏惧的气质,只能造就男人;可
是她却摒弃了男人与女人通常包含的意义.她身上的男性特征以及权力欲望转化为可怕的毁灭力量,最终
加速了英雄的毁灭和国家的灭亡.正如斯蒂娜 拉娜在《巫术与宗教》中所说的:"那些表现出男人们认
为的通常为男性所独有如自主和侵略行为的特征的妇女是危险的;没有履行适合妇女所做的如侍候男人和
抚养儿女的功能思想的妇女更是可怕的".
《麦克白》中的女巫也脱离不了这类干系,女巫在麦克白觊求王位,刺杀国王夺取王位的过程中起了
催化剂的作用.最终将这位战场上的英雄,人人爱戴的将官逼到无路可走——死亡.她们是"不真实的",
"爱好破坏的","引发人性中被压抑的邪恶的",她们放荡不羁,置身荒野,姐妹组团,恐怖联欢,花言
巧语,能用她们的预言导致稳定的社会和个人的崩溃,世界在她们的舞蹈中被跳得天昏地暗.海涅认为在
女巫的形象中,莎士比亚吸收了古代北方传说中向人预言王冠的女巫原型,这里变成"兴妖作怪,去除了
原来北方那种典雅,使她们成为不雌不雄的祸星,呼风唤雨,招谴精灵",这类女性,造成了世界的悲哀.
莎士比亚这样创作的意图也许是让世人在了解女性的创造力的同时也不要忽视其极大的破坏力.这里强化
了女性与道德败坏之间的联系,将女性与死亡,破坏联系在一起,同时也在告警世人这样的女人对男性的
危害——红颜祸水,尽管带有浓重的男权色彩.
3. 原罪意识原型
莎士比亚既是文艺复兴时期伟大的文学人文主义者,又是一个充满了宗教情怀的,对《圣经》相当了
解的基督徒,也就是说他的创作思想既是人文主义的又是宗教的.在《圣经》中,上帝对人类始祖发出了
严重的警告:只有分辨善恶树上的智慧果不能吃,吃了就必定死.然而夏娃禁不住蛇的诱惑偷吃了伊甸园
的智慧果,而且还劝亚当去吃智慧果,人类始祖就这样犯下了罪.上帝发现后,为了惩罚他们将他们赶出
了伊甸园,从此人类就注定开始了受罚——让人类生来就有一种罪恶感.女人夏娃引诱亚当做了错事,他
们受到了惩罚;亚当夏娃的后代麦克白也同样犯了罪,也同样是在女人——妻子和女巫的怂恿引诱之下原
罪意识被唤醒了,他们同样不能摆脱原罪的惩罚.麦克白不是一个彻底的坏人,在他身上良知与邪恶并存,
正如黑格尔指出:"麦克白的性格决定了他追求名位的野心,起初他还是踟躇不定,但接着他伸手去抓王
冠,为了这个目的他杀死了国王;为了保住王位他不惜采取一切残忍的手段".其实正是基督教的原罪观
念和忏悔意识,控制和主宰了麦克白走向性格的分裂变形,乃至最后悲剧收场.在剧本开端,他是个正面
的人物,他保家卫国,对国王忠贞不二,正是这种忠贞鼓舞他使他在疆场上象战神一样勇敢,成为民族的
骄傲,在他看来人的美德与荣誉是人的内在价值所在,但是由于原罪的意识和他对荣誉的追求相抵触,使
得他内心矛盾激化分裂,最终落个裹茧自缚,声名俱损的下场.
在遇到女巫前,他心中的美德还是占主导地位的,内心虽有邪念但是并没有发展到正面的强烈的冲突.
但是女巫的"麦克白,未来的君主"的语言立即引发了他内心隐藏的,压抑的,罪恶的欲望和野心,就这
样人类的原罪真正的被唤醒,点燃了(万孟群,2005:23).他的妻子也是添油加柴.没有外因,内因发
挥主导作用的程度也不会那么深."我却认为你天性忧虑,充满了太多的人情乳臭,使你不敢采取最近的
捷径;你希望做一个伟大的人物,你不是没有野心,可是你缺少和那种野心相联系的奸邪狡诈,你的欲望
很大,但你希望通过正当的手段,一方面你不愿意玩弄机关,另一方面你却作非分之想,让我把我的精神
力量注入到你的耳中,让我舌间的勇气把那阻止你得到王冠的一切障碍清除吧."从这些话,我们看出,
麦克白的妻子早知道他有野心,于是她就推波助澜起东风了.他经历了疆场荣誉(伊甸园之美)——谋命
弑君(轼君犯罪)——死于疆场(以死赎罪)这个模式.莎士比亚在麦克白身上渗透了原罪意识,原罪意
《麦克白》的领类分析
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识原型也体现地非常明了,这证明了人身上"恶"的根深蒂固.如果麦克白在杀死邓肯之后,能够忏悔自
心,不再滥杀无辜,他是有可能做个好国王的.可是他一方面受良心的折磨,有忏悔之意,但另一方面却
不能抵制原罪的恶,一意孤行,滥杀无辜,最终引起民愤,自取灭亡.在生与死的较量中,他孤注一掷地
战斗下去了,他的身上仍然具有执著的意志和巨大的胆识.他摆脱了道德的限制,任意释放自己的能量.
他"将要藐视命运,唾弃人生,超越一切的情理,排弃一切顾虑,执著他不可能的希望".麦克白的悲剧又
进了一步,"我的头脑永远不会被疑虑所困惑,我的心灵永远不会被恐惧所振荡".虽然他"深陷于血泊之
中",再"涉血前进",但也只是一种出于生命本能的一种反抗而已.最后,外界的围攻使麦克白无力挽回自
己的命运,他开始对别人进行追杀,习惯了杀戮,他无所畏惧,也无所担心,为了保护自己的权力,反对
女巫所谓的"只能一代为王"的说法,他最终杀害了班柯,血洗麦克德夫城堡,杀害了麦克德夫.尽管所有
的杀戮行为将麦克白的凶狠残暴暴露无遗,但是他头脑清醒,目标明确,行动果断,不断地施行一次次杀
戮行为,这是他心中那种罪在作恶,自己受到驱使,但是心中也存在一种长期历史留给人类的那种道德,
道理和舆论的力量及心里的压力使他最终走向灭亡,也许这就是他真正才能赎罪获得重生的方式.
4. 结 语
莎士比亚以其洞察人性的敏锐观察力与丰富细腻的刻画创造力,被公认为世界上最伟大的作家之一,
也是影响后世最巨的一代文豪.他的作品反映了真实的人生百态.《麦克白》这部剧作,可以看成是一部
超越了道德的评判,撼人心扉的悲剧.主人公的失败,也预示了一位巨人的死亡,一位巨人的毁灭.本文
通过女性原型和原罪意识原型解读分析了引发悲剧内涵更深层的原因和意义.然而这还远远不够,这部作
品值得读者并需要读者进行更深远的探讨.
Macbeth "; tragedy female prototype; prototype of the Immaculate Conception - [About the author:
Guo Lijun (1978 -), M, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Foreign Languages postgraduates; Direction: English and American Literature.
1. INTRODUCTION
"Four Tragedies" are generally considered to be the pinnacle of Shakespeare's dramatic creation - Revenge of Hamlet Prince of sadness; Changsheng General Othello
Affectionate Shandu; tragedy King Lear Chimu migration lonely journey; Macbeth ambitions greed of the non-rich power. Shakespeare with extraordinary people
Insightful things, a brilliant artistic appeal, in the abundance of World preferred to picture scroll, led generations of readers, Chen common delicate appreciate, love,
Filthy, like the human landscape. Its tragedy, "volatile, dangerous, full of death, all of his tragedy inevitably develop into a disaster,
Tragedy to have ended with the death of the player. "However, what makes these tragic heroine in the outcome of this paper will be used to prototype theory
"Macbeth" as examples for analysis.
2. Sinister female prototype
Prototype criticisms that women divided into three prototype. First one is the positive image of the mother earth. Reflect their personality is the main package
Rong, charitable, caring, as she earth as broad-minded, like raising the earth is full of things like motherhood; second is a negative meaning of evil women.
Refer to the witches, prostitutes, Yaoru,荡妇and so on, they represent the dark and dangerous, fragmentation, the senseless death of terror. Third
Refers to the spirit of partners, the embodiment of the spirit of Princess Margaret or the mother's sacred image. Criticism if the women into the field of vision, we will find that in Lufthansa
Shibie a play, the world's sense of security and sense of order and of the women has a direct or indirect contact. Constructed in his one break
Broken, collapse, full of carnage, destruction and death Heianshijie, women beyond norms - accelerated the destructive outcome of the tragic heroine men
There, and in "Macbeth", as men have the wisdom and tact, to own property and powers of the women - Lady Macbeth, but also those who
Discourse on the strength or chatterbox, Breaking the Silence "with the tongue of a sword attack Hanfu, the female prophet - witches," they greed
Difficult to fill, ambitious, sinister sinister, ruthless, making enigmatic, women belonging to the second prototype. Their enormous destructive power
Motherhood is the destruction of creativity manifested in their possession embodies the antithesis as the negative social and Pannixing, embodies the evil of women
Side. This evil is a tragic outcome. Patrilineal culture of the West through continuously strengthen gender differences, and to identify and consolidate not go away
Cultural differences and gender inequality, social order and harmony in the family are built on clear on the gender requirements. Gender differences and the disappearance of two
Of confusion marked conventional and natural laws of nature change. Therefore, the gas man or men with a lot of men and women is a social right
Threats (Sunhaifang, 2005:36). Such as Lady Macbeth to kill the idea of the wizard in charge of begging, and make our own strong; let themselves from head to toe charge
"Macbeth" from the type of analysis
53
For the most vicious cruelty. Men as she has the will and firm character, ambitious, Xinhenshoula. "She formed a plan to evil
Not on the weak, women and the change of remorse "," she is a great bad woman, so that we hate her. "She is terrible, because she
Coveted men on the normal natural order of the damage. She nurtured the boys, because she is fearless temperament, men can only be created; can
She has abandoned the men and women usually contain significance. Her male characteristics, as well as their desire into a terrible destructive power, and ultimately
Accelerated destruction of the hero and the country's downfall. Shidinalana as "Witchcraft and religion", said: "The performance of the men who identified
For the usually male autonomy and unique acts of aggression such as the characteristics of women is dangerous; not suitable for women to serve as done by the men and
Child-rearing functions thinking of the women are terrible. "
"Macbeth" from the witches can also do this, Cairns witches in Macbeth for the throne, the King assassination in the process of seizing the throne from the
The role of a catalyst. Will eventually be the hero on the battlefield, and everyone loved the generals cornered nowhere to go - Death. They are "untrue"
"Loved damage", "triggered by the repression of human evil," they Fangdangbuji, outside wilderness, sister groups, terrorist gathering, flowers statement
Qiao language, their predictions can lead to a stable social and personal collapse, and the world of dance, they were jumping Tianhundean. Heine think
The image of witches Shakespeare, absorption of the ancient legends of the north to the crown of the witches predicted prototype here into a "Xingjiaozuoguai, in addition to
That the original North elegant, so that they do not become non-estrogen-evil, powerful and open contingent Wizard ", such women, resulting in the world's tragedy.
Shakespeare may be the intention of this creation is to understand the world in the women's creativity at the same time not to lose sight of its great destructive power. Here to strengthen
Women and the link between moral turpitude, women and death, destruction linked, and also warning the world of women to men
Harms - Hongyan has brought troubles, despite a strong man with the right color.
3. Prototype of the Immaculate Conception
Shakespeare is the great Renaissance humanist literature, is a religious sentiments, "the Bible" is the
Solutions for Christians, that is his creative thinking is humanism is religion. "Bible", God sent a human ancestor
Serious warning: Only distinguish good and evil the wisdom of fruit trees can not eat, eating it will surely die. Snake But the temptation of Eve tempted Touchi the Garden of Eden
The wisdom of fruit, but also urged Adam eating fruit wisdom, it is so human ancestor committed a crime. Found God, in order to punish them will be expelled from their
The Garden of Eden, humanity is doomed from the start penalty - let alone a human born guilt. Eve tempted Adam woman done wrong, he
They were punished; the descendants of Adam Eve Macbeth also committed a crime, and also in the woman - the wife and witches under the instigation of the lure
Was awakened awareness of the crime, they can not shake off the same original sin punishment. Macbeth is not a completely bad man, in his possession conscience and evil coexist,
As Hegel said: "Macbeth's character determines his reputation and the pursuit of ambition, he was initially hesitant Chu volatile, but then he breaks out-Hand
Champion, for this purpose he killed a king, in order to keep the throne he does not hesitate to take all cruel means. "Was in fact the Christian concept of original sin
Nian awareness and repentance, control and dominate the character of Macbeth to the separatist deformation, and the final tragedy. Script in the beginning, he is a positive
The figures, he defending the country, the country Wangzhongzhen Singularity, it is this loyalty he inspired in his battlefields on the same courage as the God of War, a nation
Proud of, in his view of human virtue and honor the intrinsic value, but because of the sense of original sin and his pursuit of honor conflict,
Sharpening the contradictions in his heart split, with a final wrap cocoon Zifu, both loss of reputation fate.
In the face of the Witch, in his mind or the virtues of the dominant heart although Xienian However, there is no strong positive development to the conflict.
But witches "Macbeth, the future monarch," the language of his heart immediately triggered a hidden, oppressive, evil desires and ambitions, this
Kind of original sin real human being awakened, lit (10,000 Meng Qun, 2005:23), he is also the wife of Tim oil and firewood. No external factors, the internal
Hui leading role in the degree will not be so deep. "Nature but I think you worry too much with the human Ruxiu, you dare not take the recent
Companion; you want to be a great man, you are not without ambition, but that you lack ambition and associated Ganye cunning, your desire
Great, but you hope that through legitimate means, on the one hand you do not want to play organs, on the other hand you have to Feibanzhixiang, let me put my spirit
Power injected into your ears, let me tongue the courage to stop you get that crown removal of all obstacles to it. "From these, we see that
Macbeth's wife knows he has ambitions, so she had to add fuel to the flames from the Dongfeng. Honor he has experienced Battlefields (Eden of the United States) - seeking life
弑-jun (Shi-jun crime) - died in battlefields (death atonement) the model. Shakespeare's Macbeth who infiltrated in the sense of original sin, the original sin Italy
"Macbeth" from the type of analysis
54
Know prototype also reflected in a very clear, This proves that the person "evil," the deep-rooted. Killed if Duncan in Macbeth, to repent since
Heart, not the killing of the innocent, he is likely to be a good king but he tortured conscience on the one hand, repentance Italy, but on the other hand,
Original sin could not resist the evil, bent, killed innocent people, eventually aroused public indignation, suicidal. In the life-and-death contest, and his desperate
Continue fighting, his body still have the will and dedication tremendous courage. Him from the moral constraints, arbitrary release their energy.
He "will have to defy fate, spurned by life, beyond all reason, Pai abandoned all concerns, persistent he could not hope." Is the tragedy of Macbeth
A step forward, "My mind will never be confused by the doubts, my soul will never be fear oscillation." Although he "bogged down in a pool of blood
China, "and to" advance for blood ", but only a life out of an instinctive resistance only Finally, the siege of the outside world to restore the inability Macbeth
Own destiny, he began to others to pursue and kill people, accustomed to the killings, he fearlessly, and no fear, in order to protect their own power, oppose
Witch the so-called "only for the generation of Wang" He eventually killed classes Ko,血洗Maikedefu castle, killing Maikedefu. Despite all
Macbeth will be the killing of the vicious acts of brutality exposed, but his sober-minded, clear objectives and acted decisively to implement a continuous killing,
Lu, which is not in his mind that the crime continues to be driven by its own, but also the hearts of the existence of a long history of the kind of moral left mankind,
Reasoning and the power of public opinion and pressure on his heart eventually die, and perhaps this is his atonement can be truly reborn way.
4. Conclusion
Shakespeare's insight into his keen observation of human nature and the rich delicate portrait of creativity, is recognized as the world's greatest writer of
Giant is also the most impact on future generations generation writer, his works reflected the real life is preferred. "Macbeth" the dramas, can be seen as a
Beyond the moral judgement, the tragedy of awesome hearts. Player failure, but also foretells the death of a giant, a giant destruction. Paper
Women through prototype and prototype Interpretation of the Immaculate Conception awareness of the tragedy triggered a deeper connotation of the causes and significance. However, this is far from enough, for this
Goods worth readers and readers need of a more far-reaching.
展开全部
《麦克白》【作者简介】
郭立军(1978- ),男,北京航空航天大学外语系硕士研究生;研究方向:英美文学.
《麦克白》为例证进行分析.
1 险恶女性原型
原型批评认为原型女性分为三种.第一种是积极意义上的大地母亲形象.她们体现出的主要性格是包
容,慈善,关怀,她像大地一样胸怀宽广,像大地养育万物一样充满母性;第二种是消极意思上的恶女性.
指的是女巫,妓女,妖女,荡妇等等,她们代表了黑暗,凶险,支离破碎,死亡恐怖性的无意识.第三种
指的是那种精神伴侣,精神的化身,公主或神圣母亲的形象.如果将女性批评纳入视野,就会发现,在莎
士比亚的剧作中,世界的安全感和秩序感和其中的女性有着直接或者间接的联系.在他所构建的一个个破
碎,崩溃,充满残杀,毁灭和死亡的黑暗世界里,女性的超越规范——破坏力加速了男主人公悲惨结局的
出现. 而在《麦克白》中,有具有男性般的智慧和机智,拥有财产和权力的女人——麦克白夫人,也有那些
靠话语力量或喋喋不休,打破沉默"用舌头的利剑进行进攻的悍妇,女性的预言者——女巫",她们欲壑
难填,野心勃勃,阴险毒辣,残酷无情,变化多端,神秘莫测,属于第二种原型女性.她们巨大的破坏力
是母性之创造力的毁灭性体现,在她们身上体现了作为社会对立面的否定性与叛逆性,体现了女性邪恶的
一面.正是这种邪恶造成了悲剧的结局.西方父系文化通过不断强化两性的差异,确定并巩固无法消除的
性别文化差异和不平等,社会秩序和家庭的和谐都是建立在明确的性别规定上的.而性别差异的消失,两
性的混淆,标志着自然常规和自然法则的改变.因此,具有男人气或男人气十足的女人对男权社会是一种
威胁(孙海芳,2005:36).如麦克白夫人向掌管杀人念头的精灵乞求,使自己强大;让自己从头到脚充
满最凶狠的残忍.她具有男性般的顽强意志和坚定性格,野心勃勃,心狠手辣."她一经形成作恶的打算
就不会因软弱,女人性的懊悔而改变","她是一个伟大的坏女人,使我们恨她".她是可怕的,因为她对
男性的觊觎,对正常自然秩序的破坏.她只该生养男孩,因为她具有无所畏惧的气质,只能造就男人;可
是她却摒弃了男人与女人通常包含的意义.她身上的男性特征以及权力欲望转化为可怕的毁灭力量,最终
加速了英雄的毁灭和国家的灭亡.正如斯蒂娜 拉娜在《巫术与宗教》中所说的:"那些表现出男人们认
为的通常为男性所独有如自主和侵略行为的特征的妇女是危险的;没有履行适合妇女所做的如侍候男人和
抚养儿女的功能思想的妇女更是可怕的".
《麦克白》中的女巫也脱离不了这类干系,女巫在麦克白觊求王位,刺杀国王夺取王位的过程中起了
催化剂的作用.最终将这位战场上的英雄,人人爱戴的将官逼到无路可走——死亡.她们是"不真实的",
"爱好破坏的","引发人性中被压抑的邪恶的",她们放荡不羁,置身荒野,姐妹组团,恐怖联欢,花言
巧语,能用她们的预言导致稳定的社会和个人的崩溃,世界在她们的舞蹈中被跳得天昏地暗.海涅认为在
女巫的形象中,莎士比亚吸收了古代北方传说中向人预言王冠的女巫原型,这里变成"兴妖作怪,去除了
原来北方那种典雅,使她们成为不雌不雄的祸星,呼风唤雨,招谴精灵",这类女性,造成了世界的悲哀.
莎士比亚这样创作的意图也许是让世人在了解女性的创造力的同时也不要忽视其极大的破坏力.这里强化
了女性与道德败坏之间的联系,将女性与死亡,破坏联系在一起,同时也在告警世人这样的女人对男性的
危害——红颜祸水,尽管带有浓重的男权色彩.
"Macbeth" - About the author:
Guo Lijun (1978 -), M, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Foreign Languages postgraduates; Direction: English and American Literature.
"Macbeth" as examples for analysis.
A sinister female prototype
Prototype criticisms that women divided into three prototype. First one is the positive image of the mother earth. Reflect their personality is the main package
Rong, charitable, caring, as she earth as broad-minded, like raising the earth is full of things like motherhood; second is a negative meaning of evil women.
Refer to the witches, prostitutes, Yaoru,荡妇and so on, they represent the dark and dangerous, fragmentation, the senseless death of terror. Third
Refers to the spirit of partners, the embodiment of the spirit of Princess Margaret or the mother's sacred image. Criticism if the women into the field of vision, we will find that in Lufthansa
Shibie a play, the world's sense of security and sense of order and of the women has a direct or indirect contact. Constructed in his one break
Broken, collapse, full of carnage, destruction and death Heianshijie, women beyond norms - accelerated the destructive outcome of the tragic heroine men
There, and in "Macbeth", as men have the wisdom and tact, to own property and powers of the women - Lady Macbeth, but also those who
Discourse on the strength or chatterbox, Breaking the Silence "with the tongue of a sword attack Hanfu, the female prophet - witches," they greed
Difficult to fill, ambitious, sinister sinister, ruthless, making enigmatic, women belonging to the second prototype. Their enormous destructive power
Motherhood is the destruction of creativity manifested in their possession embodies the antithesis as the negative social and Pannixing, embodies the evil of women
Side. This evil is a tragic outcome. Patrilineal culture of the West through continuously strengthen gender differences, and to identify and consolidate not go away
Cultural differences and gender inequality, social order and harmony in the family are built on clear on the gender requirements. Gender differences and the disappearance of two
Of confusion marked conventional and natural laws of nature change. Therefore, the gas man or men with a lot of men and women is a social right
Threats (Sunhaifang, 2005:36). Such as Lady Macbeth to kill the idea of the wizard in charge of begging, and make our own strong; let themselves from head to toe charge
For the most vicious cruelty. Men as she has the will and firm character, ambitious, Xinhenshoula. "She formed a plan to evil
Not on the weak, women and the change of remorse "," she is a great bad woman, so that we hate her. "She is terrible, because she
Coveted men on the normal natural order of the damage. She nurtured the boys, because she is fearless temperament, men can only be created; can
She has abandoned the men and women usually contain significance. Her male characteristics, as well as their desire into a terrible destructive power, and ultimately
Accelerated destruction of the hero and the country's downfall. Shidinalana as "Witchcraft and religion", said: "The performance of the men who identified
For the usually male autonomy and unique acts of aggression such as the characteristics of women is dangerous; not suitable for women to serve as done by the men and
Child-rearing functions thinking of the women are terrible. "
"Macbeth" from the witches can also do this, Cairns witches in Macbeth for the throne, the King assassination in the process of seizing the throne from the
The role of a catalyst. Will eventually be the hero on the battlefield, and everyone loved the generals cornered nowhere to go - Death. They are "untrue"
"Loved damage", "triggered by the repression of human evil," they Fangdangbuji, outside wilderness, sister groups, terrorist gathering, flowers statement
Qiao language, their predictions can lead to a stable social and personal collapse, and the world of dance, they were jumping Tianhundean. Heine think
The image of witches Shakespeare, absorption of the ancient legends of the north to the crown of the witches predicted prototype here into a "Xingjiaozuoguai, in addition to
That the original North elegant, so that they do not become non-estrogen-evil, powerful and open contingent Wizard ", such women, resulting in the world's tragedy.
Shakespeare may be the intention of this creation is to understand the world in the women's creativity at the same time not to lose sight of its great destructive power. Here to strengthen
Women and the link between moral turpitude, women and death, destruction linked, and also warning the world of women to men
Harms - Hongyan has brought troubles, despite a strong man with the right color.
郭立军(1978- ),男,北京航空航天大学外语系硕士研究生;研究方向:英美文学.
《麦克白》为例证进行分析.
1 险恶女性原型
原型批评认为原型女性分为三种.第一种是积极意义上的大地母亲形象.她们体现出的主要性格是包
容,慈善,关怀,她像大地一样胸怀宽广,像大地养育万物一样充满母性;第二种是消极意思上的恶女性.
指的是女巫,妓女,妖女,荡妇等等,她们代表了黑暗,凶险,支离破碎,死亡恐怖性的无意识.第三种
指的是那种精神伴侣,精神的化身,公主或神圣母亲的形象.如果将女性批评纳入视野,就会发现,在莎
士比亚的剧作中,世界的安全感和秩序感和其中的女性有着直接或者间接的联系.在他所构建的一个个破
碎,崩溃,充满残杀,毁灭和死亡的黑暗世界里,女性的超越规范——破坏力加速了男主人公悲惨结局的
出现. 而在《麦克白》中,有具有男性般的智慧和机智,拥有财产和权力的女人——麦克白夫人,也有那些
靠话语力量或喋喋不休,打破沉默"用舌头的利剑进行进攻的悍妇,女性的预言者——女巫",她们欲壑
难填,野心勃勃,阴险毒辣,残酷无情,变化多端,神秘莫测,属于第二种原型女性.她们巨大的破坏力
是母性之创造力的毁灭性体现,在她们身上体现了作为社会对立面的否定性与叛逆性,体现了女性邪恶的
一面.正是这种邪恶造成了悲剧的结局.西方父系文化通过不断强化两性的差异,确定并巩固无法消除的
性别文化差异和不平等,社会秩序和家庭的和谐都是建立在明确的性别规定上的.而性别差异的消失,两
性的混淆,标志着自然常规和自然法则的改变.因此,具有男人气或男人气十足的女人对男权社会是一种
威胁(孙海芳,2005:36).如麦克白夫人向掌管杀人念头的精灵乞求,使自己强大;让自己从头到脚充
满最凶狠的残忍.她具有男性般的顽强意志和坚定性格,野心勃勃,心狠手辣."她一经形成作恶的打算
就不会因软弱,女人性的懊悔而改变","她是一个伟大的坏女人,使我们恨她".她是可怕的,因为她对
男性的觊觎,对正常自然秩序的破坏.她只该生养男孩,因为她具有无所畏惧的气质,只能造就男人;可
是她却摒弃了男人与女人通常包含的意义.她身上的男性特征以及权力欲望转化为可怕的毁灭力量,最终
加速了英雄的毁灭和国家的灭亡.正如斯蒂娜 拉娜在《巫术与宗教》中所说的:"那些表现出男人们认
为的通常为男性所独有如自主和侵略行为的特征的妇女是危险的;没有履行适合妇女所做的如侍候男人和
抚养儿女的功能思想的妇女更是可怕的".
《麦克白》中的女巫也脱离不了这类干系,女巫在麦克白觊求王位,刺杀国王夺取王位的过程中起了
催化剂的作用.最终将这位战场上的英雄,人人爱戴的将官逼到无路可走——死亡.她们是"不真实的",
"爱好破坏的","引发人性中被压抑的邪恶的",她们放荡不羁,置身荒野,姐妹组团,恐怖联欢,花言
巧语,能用她们的预言导致稳定的社会和个人的崩溃,世界在她们的舞蹈中被跳得天昏地暗.海涅认为在
女巫的形象中,莎士比亚吸收了古代北方传说中向人预言王冠的女巫原型,这里变成"兴妖作怪,去除了
原来北方那种典雅,使她们成为不雌不雄的祸星,呼风唤雨,招谴精灵",这类女性,造成了世界的悲哀.
莎士比亚这样创作的意图也许是让世人在了解女性的创造力的同时也不要忽视其极大的破坏力.这里强化
了女性与道德败坏之间的联系,将女性与死亡,破坏联系在一起,同时也在告警世人这样的女人对男性的
危害——红颜祸水,尽管带有浓重的男权色彩.
"Macbeth" - About the author:
Guo Lijun (1978 -), M, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Foreign Languages postgraduates; Direction: English and American Literature.
"Macbeth" as examples for analysis.
A sinister female prototype
Prototype criticisms that women divided into three prototype. First one is the positive image of the mother earth. Reflect their personality is the main package
Rong, charitable, caring, as she earth as broad-minded, like raising the earth is full of things like motherhood; second is a negative meaning of evil women.
Refer to the witches, prostitutes, Yaoru,荡妇and so on, they represent the dark and dangerous, fragmentation, the senseless death of terror. Third
Refers to the spirit of partners, the embodiment of the spirit of Princess Margaret or the mother's sacred image. Criticism if the women into the field of vision, we will find that in Lufthansa
Shibie a play, the world's sense of security and sense of order and of the women has a direct or indirect contact. Constructed in his one break
Broken, collapse, full of carnage, destruction and death Heianshijie, women beyond norms - accelerated the destructive outcome of the tragic heroine men
There, and in "Macbeth", as men have the wisdom and tact, to own property and powers of the women - Lady Macbeth, but also those who
Discourse on the strength or chatterbox, Breaking the Silence "with the tongue of a sword attack Hanfu, the female prophet - witches," they greed
Difficult to fill, ambitious, sinister sinister, ruthless, making enigmatic, women belonging to the second prototype. Their enormous destructive power
Motherhood is the destruction of creativity manifested in their possession embodies the antithesis as the negative social and Pannixing, embodies the evil of women
Side. This evil is a tragic outcome. Patrilineal culture of the West through continuously strengthen gender differences, and to identify and consolidate not go away
Cultural differences and gender inequality, social order and harmony in the family are built on clear on the gender requirements. Gender differences and the disappearance of two
Of confusion marked conventional and natural laws of nature change. Therefore, the gas man or men with a lot of men and women is a social right
Threats (Sunhaifang, 2005:36). Such as Lady Macbeth to kill the idea of the wizard in charge of begging, and make our own strong; let themselves from head to toe charge
For the most vicious cruelty. Men as she has the will and firm character, ambitious, Xinhenshoula. "She formed a plan to evil
Not on the weak, women and the change of remorse "," she is a great bad woman, so that we hate her. "She is terrible, because she
Coveted men on the normal natural order of the damage. She nurtured the boys, because she is fearless temperament, men can only be created; can
She has abandoned the men and women usually contain significance. Her male characteristics, as well as their desire into a terrible destructive power, and ultimately
Accelerated destruction of the hero and the country's downfall. Shidinalana as "Witchcraft and religion", said: "The performance of the men who identified
For the usually male autonomy and unique acts of aggression such as the characteristics of women is dangerous; not suitable for women to serve as done by the men and
Child-rearing functions thinking of the women are terrible. "
"Macbeth" from the witches can also do this, Cairns witches in Macbeth for the throne, the King assassination in the process of seizing the throne from the
The role of a catalyst. Will eventually be the hero on the battlefield, and everyone loved the generals cornered nowhere to go - Death. They are "untrue"
"Loved damage", "triggered by the repression of human evil," they Fangdangbuji, outside wilderness, sister groups, terrorist gathering, flowers statement
Qiao language, their predictions can lead to a stable social and personal collapse, and the world of dance, they were jumping Tianhundean. Heine think
The image of witches Shakespeare, absorption of the ancient legends of the north to the crown of the witches predicted prototype here into a "Xingjiaozuoguai, in addition to
That the original North elegant, so that they do not become non-estrogen-evil, powerful and open contingent Wizard ", such women, resulting in the world's tragedy.
Shakespeare may be the intention of this creation is to understand the world in the women's creativity at the same time not to lose sight of its great destructive power. Here to strengthen
Women and the link between moral turpitude, women and death, destruction linked, and also warning the world of women to men
Harms - Hongyan has brought troubles, despite a strong man with the right color.
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