Question

哪位专家帮忙翻一下，最好不要机器翻译的哦，感激不尽啊~~~（1）

To improve light extraction from organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs), we introduced a photonic crystal pattern into the glass substrate of an OLED. The periodic modulation converts the guided waves in the high-refractive-index indium-tin-oxide/organic layers into external leaky waves. We used the finite-difference time-domain method to optimize the structural parameters of the photonic crystal pattern and to analyze the microcavity effect by the metallic cathode of the OLED. With the use of an optimized photonic crystal pattern, an increase of over 80% in the extraction efficiency of the OLED is expected theoretically. An increase in the extraction efficiency of over 50% was achieved experimentally, without detriment to the crucial electrical properties of the OLED.
There have been various efforts to increase the extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).The extraction efficiency is related to the intrinsic photoluminescence efficiency of the organic material and to the output coupling efficiency of the sandwiched indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/organic layers. The intrinsic efficiency has been considerably improved by the use of phosphorescent harvesters1. However, the output coupling efficiency in these systems remains very small(<0.2).
The photons emitted in the active region of OLEDs are coupled into three types of modes: direct transmission into the air, the glass total internal reflection mode, and the high-index (ITO/organic) guided mode. Assuming Lambertian light sources, the fractions of energy in the three modes have been estimated as 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively2 .A number of methods have been suggested for increasing the output coupling efficiency. For example, random textures or ordered microlens arrays have been employed on the top surface of the glass substrate in order to minimize total internal reflection3, 4. The thickness of the ITO layer has also been controlled in order to reduce the energy in the high-index layer5. An integrated classical and quantum-mechanical weak microcavity theory has been proposed in order to calculate the efficiencies of each mode for OLED layered structure6. Photonic crystal (PC) patterns have previously been used with the aim of increasing the extraction efficiency of two-dimensional (2-D) slab InGaAs light-emitting structures7. Similarly, PC structure can be added to OLED devices. Here, we plan to couple with external modes those photons confined in the high-index guided mode, which account for up to 50% of the total emitted energy. Given that the direct transmission mode drains only 20% of the total photons, significant improvement is expected in the total light extraction into the air. It is important to extract the photons from the high index layer that is close to the light-emitting region if one wishes to maintain the image quality required in display devices.

Answer 1

为了提高光提取有机发光二极管（OLED），我们介绍了光子晶体到玻璃基板的OLED模式。周期调制转换到外部漏波高折射率indium-tin-oxide/organic的层的导波。我们使用时域有限差分方法，优化结构参数的光子晶体的模式，来分析金属阴极的OLED微腔效应。优化光子晶体模式的使用，预计增长在80％以上的提取效率的OLED理论上。萃取效率在50％以上的增长，达到了实验，在不损害的OLED关键的电气性能。
已经有各种努力，以提高提取效率的有机发光二极管（OLED）。提取效率与内在的光致发光效率的有机材料和夹心铟锡氧化物（ITO输出耦合效率）/有机层。内在的效率已大大提高由磷光harvesters1使用。然而，在这些系统的输出耦合效率仍然非常小（<0.2）。
在OLED的有源区发出的光子耦合模式分为三种类型：直接传输到空气中，玻璃全内反射模式，高指数（为ITO /有机）制导模式。假设朗伯光源，已在三种模式的能源分数估计为0.2，0.3，0.5，respectively2一些方法已建议增加输出耦合效率。例如，随机纹理，或者责令微透镜阵列已受聘于玻璃基板的顶面，以减少总的内部reflection3，4。 ITO层的厚度也被控制在订单减少的能量高指数layer5的。已经提出了一个综合的经典和量子力学的弱微理论，以计算每个OLED分层structure6模式的效率。光子晶体（PC）的模式，先前已使用的，目的是提高提取效率二维（2维）板坯砷化铟镓发光structures7。同样，PC结构，可添加到OLED器件。在这里，我们打算夫妇与那些局限在高指数的制导模式，占发出的总能量的50％的光子的外部模式。由于直接传输模式水渠总光子只有20％，显着的改善，预计到空气中的总光提取。重要的是要提取的高指标层是接近发光的地区，如果一个愿望，以保持图像质量显示设备所需的光子。