帮我再次翻译一下!!谢谢!英语文献!假如网上有翻译的话帮我也找一下!谢谢!!(请不要在线翻译的!) 20

Accelerationcanarisefromachangewithtimeofthemagnitudeofthevelocityorofthedirectionoft... Acceleration can arise from a change with time of the magnitude of the velocity or of the direction of the velocity or both. If only the magnitude, v, of the velocity decreases, this is sometimes referred to as deceleration, but generally any change in the velocity with time, including deceleration, is simply referred to as acceleration.
While the position and velocity and acceleration of a particle can be referred to any observer in any state of motion, classical mechanics assumes the existence of a special family of reference frames in terms of which the mechanical laws of nature take a comparatively simple form. These special reference frames are called inertial frames. They are characterized by the absence of acceleration of the observer and the requirement that all forces entering the observer's physical laws originate in identifiable sources (charges, gravitational bodies, and so forth). A non-inertial reference frame is one accelerating with respect to an inertial one, and in such a non-inertial frame a particle is subject to acceleration by fictitious forces that enter the equations of motion solely as a result of its accelerated motion, and do not originate in identifiable sources. These fictitious forces are in addition to the real forces recognized in an inertial frame. A key concept of inertial frames is the method for identifying them. (See inertial frame of reference for a discussion.) For practical purposes, reference frames that are unaccelerated with respect to the distant stars are regarded as good approximations to inertial frames.
Again, this happens with electrons before it happens with heavier particles. For example, the electrons used by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer in 1927, accelerated by 54 volts, had a wave length of 0.167 nm, which was long enough to exhibit a single diffraction side lobe when reflecting from the face of a nickel crystal with atomic spacing of 0.215 nm. With a larger vacuum chamber, it would seem relatively easy to increase the angular resolution from around a radian to a milliradian and see quantum diffraction from the periodic patterns of integrated circuit computer memory.
More practical examples of the failure of classical mechanics on an engineering scale are conduction by quantum tunneling in tunnel diodes and very narrow transistor gates in integrated circuits.
Classical mechanics is the same extreme high frequency approximation as geometric optics. It is more often accurate because it describes particles and bodies with rest mass. These have more momentum and therefore shorter De Broglie wavelengths than massless particles, such as light, with the same kinetic energies.
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加速度可以产生一个随时间变化的速度大小和方向的速度或两者。如果只有规模,五,的速度下降,这是有时被称为减速,但一般的任何变化的速度与时间,包括减速,是简单地称为加速。而位置、速度和加速度的粒子可以被任何观察员在任何国家的运动,经典力学假定存在一个特殊家庭的参考框架方面的力学规律性质采取比较简单的形式。这些特殊的参考帧被称为惯性系。他们的特点是缺乏加速观测者和要求所有部队进入观察员的物理定律在识别的来源(收费,引力天体,等等)。一个非惯性参考框架是一个加速方面的惯性,在这样一个非惯性系的粒子是受加速的虚构的力量进入运动方程仅仅由于它的加速运动,而不是源于识别的来源。这些虚构的力量,除了真正的力量在惯性系。一个关键概念的惯性框架的方法是为确定他们的。(见惯性参考框架的讨论。)实际用途,参考帧是非加速相对于遥远的恒星被认为是很好的近似的惯性系。再次,这种情况发生之前的电子与重粒子。例如,使用的电子克林顿戴维森,李斯特和1927,加快了54伏,有一个波长为0.167纳米,这是足够长的展览单一衍射旁瓣反射时面对来自镍晶体的原子间距为0.215纳米。一个较大的真空室,它似乎比较容易增加角分辨率从围绕一个弧度毫弧度,量子衍射的定期模式的集成电路计算机内存。更多的实际例子失败的经典力学在工程规模传导的量子隧穿隧道二极管和晶体管的大门很窄的集成电路。经典力学是相同的极高频近似几何光学。它往往是正确的因为它描述了粒子和机构的静质量。这些有更多的动力,因此较短的德布罗意波长比无质量的粒子,如光,具有相同的动能。
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对啊
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匿名用户
2012-05-17
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这是科学课本上的咧,你上几年级了?加速度,我们上学期学了点的。
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