Question

谁帮忙翻译一下这个摘要？谢谢 我英语很烂

图论，它是数学的一个分支，也是一门新兴学科，发展迅速而又应用广泛。它已广泛地应用于物理、化学、运筹学、计算机科学、电子学、信息论、控制论、网络管理、社会科学等几乎所有的学科领域。另一方面，随着这些学科的发展，特别是计算机科学的快速发展，又大大的促进了图论的发展。
图论主要以图为研究对象。图论中的研究对象是由若干给定的点及连接两点的线所构成的图形，这种图形通常用来描述某些事物之间的某种特定关系，用点代表事物，用连接两点的线表示相应两个事物间具有这种关系，它是数学中经常采用的抽象直观思维方法的典型代表。
图论本身是应用数学的一部份，受到许多人的喜爱，历史上参与研究图论问题的人既有许多天才的数学家，也有不少的业余爱好者。有关图论的文字记载最早出现在欧拉1736年的论著中，他所考虑的原始问题有很强的实际背景。
图论起源于著名的柯尼斯堡七桥问题。在柯尼斯堡的普莱格尔河上面有七座桥将河中的岛及岛与河岸是连接起来的（如图）,有一个问题是要从这四块陆地中任何一块开始，通过每一座桥而且正好只能通过一次，而且再回到起点。曾经有许多人经过无数次的尝试都没有成功。然而在1736年，欧拉神奇般的解决了这个问题，他用抽像分析法将这个问题化为了第一个图论问题：即用点来代替每一块陆地，将每一座桥用连接相应的两个点的一条线来代替，故而相当于得到了一个“图”（如图）。欧拉研究并解决了此问题，他把问题归结为 下图右边图“一笔画”问题，证明了这个问题是没有解的。他不仅解决了此问题，且给出了连通图可以一笔画的重要条件是它们是连通的，且奇顶点(通过此点弧的条数是奇数)的个数为0或2.这项工作使得欧拉成为图论〔及拓扑学〕的创始人。

Answer 1

Graph theory, it is a branch of mathematics, is a new subject, the rapid development and wide application. It has been widely applied to physical, chemical, operations research, computer science, electronics, information theory, control theory, network management, social science almost all subject areas. On the other hand, along with the development of these disciplines, particularly the rapid development of the computer science, and contributed greatly to the development of the graph theory.

Major in graph theory as the research object. The research object graph theory is by some given point and connecting the two o 'clock line form graphics, the graphics usually used to describe something of a specific relationship between, with dots represent things, with connecting the two o 'clock line said two things with corresponding between this relationship, it is usually used in mathematics abstraction of the typical representative of visual thinking method.

Graph theory is itself a part of applied mathematics from many people like, history of graph theory in the study of both the genius mathematician who many, many of the amateur. The documentation of graph theory first appeared in the treatise of euler in 1736, he thought the original problem has a strong practical background.

Graph theory originated in the famous ko seven bridge in Johannesburg. The belt in Johannesburg, at axel seven bridge over the river to the island and the island is connected with the bank (see chart), there is a problem is to these four pieces of land from any of a start, through each bridge and happened only through a, and go back to the starting point. There have been many people after countless try to all have no success. In 1736, however, euler incredible solved the problem, he will be the problem as analysis smoke into the first graph theory problem, which USES some to replace every piece of land, will each bridge with connecting corresponding two points of a line to replace, so get the equivalent of a "figure" (see chart). Euler research and solved the problem, he put the question comes down to below the right figure "a stroke" problem, proved that the problem is not the solution. He not only solved the problem, and gives the connected graph can draw a of the important conditions is that they are connected, and strange vertex (through the point of arc article is odd number) of the number of 0 or 2. The job makes euler become graph theory (and the founder of topology).

Answer 2

水平不够，求高手。电脑给你翻译

....Graph theory, it is a branch of mathematics, but also an emerging discipline, rapid development and wide application.It has been widely used in physics, chemistry, operations research, computer science, electronics, information theory, cybernetics, network management, social sciences and almost all other disciplines.On the other hand, with the development of these disciplines, especially the rapid development of computer science, but also greatly promote the development of graph.

Graph theory is mainly to study.Graph theory in the research object is determined by the number of given points and joint points of the line which the graphics, the graphics are usually used to describe something between a particular relationship, with points represent things, with the line connecting two points corresponding to said two things with this relationship, it is often used in abstract mathematics intuitive thinking method of typical representative.

The graph is itself a part of Applied Mathematics, by many people, history of participatory research problem in graph theory. There are many gifted mathematician, there are also many amateur.The graph writing first appeared in the EULAR 1736 treatise, he considered the original problem has very strong practical background.

Graph theory is originated in the famous Seven Bridges of Konigsberg. Problems.In Konigsberg, the pregel River seven bridge will be in the river island and the island and the river is connected (pictured), there is a question as to the four pieces of land in any one of the blocks, through every bridge and it was only by one, and again back to the start.There have been many people after numerous attempts have not been successful.However in 1736, Euler magically solved this problem, he smoked like analysis to this problem to the first problem of graph theory: namely point to replace every piece of land, every bridge connected with two corresponding points of a line to replace, therefore is equivalent to get a "map" (Figure).Euler to study and solve this problem, the problem is reduced to below him on the right "one stroke" problem, it has been proved that this problem is not the solution.He not only solved the problem, and gives a connected graph can be a stroke important condition is that they are connected, and the odd vertex (by this point arc of a number is an odd number) of a number is 0 or 2 this work makes Euler graph theory and topology (become) founder.

Answer 3

too much