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Table1: Safety and environmental properties of nine possible refrigerants. All information except flammability limits was taken from a 1999 report of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel report (TEAP, 1999).Flammability limits are from an ASHRAE publication (Wilson, 2002)).

HFCs have appreciable global warming potentials (GWPs) and, hence, can contribute to global climate change if released to the atmosphere. The GWP of a compound is a measure of the compounds relative ability to contribute to climate change compared to carbon dioxide over a 100-year time period. For example, an atmospheric emission of 1 kg of HFC-134a with a GWP of 1300 contributes as much to climate change over a 100-year period as an emission of 1300 kg of carbon dioxide. Although HFC emissions are very small as compared to carbon dioxide emissions associated with combustion of fossil fuels, atmospheric emissions of these compounds must be minimized. Two points about HFCs should be noted. First, their atmospheric lifetimes are short compared to that of carbon dioxide. This means that amounts of these refrigerants emitted today or in the next few decades would decay from the atmosphere and not contribute significantly to climate change during the target period for stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, in 75 to 150 years. Second, none of the commercially available HFC refrigerants for consumer applications are flammable (flammable HFCs are sold in non-flammable blends) and all are very low in toxicity. That means that an occasional leak of HFC refrigerant into occupied space would not pose a significant safety hazard to humans and also would contribute only very little to climate change.

Answer 1

提议 1: 安全和九可能的清凉剂的环境财产。 所有的数据除了易燃的极限以外从技术的一项 1999 报告和经济的评估嵌板报告被拿。 (TEAP,1999)易燃的极限来自于一本 ASHRAE 出版 (威尔逊,2002)).

HFCs 有可感知的全球暖化潜能 (GWPs) 和, 因此, 能成为全球的气候变化的因素如果对气氛发表了。 化合物的 GWP 是成为被与在一个 100 年时间时期上的二氧化碳相较的气候变化的因素对化合物的衡量比较的能力。 举例来说, HFC-134 的一个公斤的大气发射一与 1300 的 GWP 像二氧化碳的一个 1300 公斤的发射一样地在 100 年期间内多对气候变化有助于。 虽然 HFC 发射非常小，当做与与化石燃料的燃烧有关的二氧化碳发射相较，这些化合物的大气发射一定被减到最少。 关于 HFCs 的二点应该被注意。 首先, 他们的大气终生很短二氧化碳与那相较了。 这意谓这些清凉剂的数量发出今天或者在往后的几十年中会从气氛衰退而且不重要地为二氧化碳的大气集中的安定在目标期间成为气候变化的因素时期, 在 75 到 150 年中。其次，没有商业可得 HFC 清凉剂对于消费者申请是易燃的 (易燃的 HFCs 在非易燃的混和被卖) ，而且全部在毒性中非常低。那意谓一个 HFC 清凉剂的偶然漏洞进入占领的空间之内不对人类造成重要的安全危险以及会只有非常少成为气候变化的因素。

Answer 2