Question

出师表翻译

Answer 1

（转）先帝创办基业还不到一半，就中途去世了。现在，天下已分成魏、蜀、吴三国，我们蜀汉贫困衰弱，这实在是形式危急决定存亡的关键时刻啊。然而，侍卫大臣们在宫廷内毫不懈怠，忠诚有志的将士在边疆奋不顾身的原因，都是为追念先帝在世时对他们的特殊待遇，想在陛下身上报答啊。陛下应该扩大圣明的听闻，发扬光大先帝留下的美德，弘扬志士们的气概；不应该随随便便地看轻自己，言谈中称引譬喻不合大义（说话不恰当），以致堵塞忠臣进谏劝告的道路。
皇宫中和朝廷中都是一个整体，奖惩功过好坏不应因在皇宫中或朝廷中而有所不同。如果有做奸邪之事，犯科条法令以及尽忠做好事的人，应交给主管的官吏，由他们评定应得的处罚或奖赏，用来表明陛下公正严明的治理方针。不应偏袒徇私，使得宫内和宫外有不同的法则。
侍中郭攸之、费祎、侍郎董允等，他们都是善良诚实的人，他们的志向和心思忠诚无二，因此先帝把他们选拔出来留给陛下使用。我认为宫中的事情，无论大小，陛下都应征询他们，然后再去实施，这样一定能弥补缺点和疏漏的地方，获得更好的效果。
向宠将军，性情品德善良平正，精通军事，从前经过试用，先帝称赞他有才能，因此大家商议推举他做中部督。我认为军营中的事务，都应与他商量，这样一定能使军队团结协作，好的坏的各得其所。
亲近贤臣，疏远小人，这是前汉兴隆昌盛的原因；亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是后汉所以倾覆衰败的原因。先帝在世时，每次与我谈论这些事，没有一次不对桓、灵二帝感到惋惜痛心遗憾的。侍中，尚书，长史，参军，这些都是忠贞贤良能够以死报国的忠臣，希望陛下亲近他们、信任他们，那么汉室的兴隆就指日可待了。
我本来是一介平民，在南阳亲自种田，只求能在乱世中苟且偷生，不谋求在诸侯前扬名做官。先帝不认为我身世卑微、见识短浅，降低自己的身份，亲自三次到草庐里来看望我，向我征询对当今天下大事的意见，我因此十分感动激动，于是答应先帝愿为他奔走效劳。后来遇到失败，我在战败的时候接到委任，在危难的时候接受使命，从那时到现在已经二十一年了。
先帝（刘备）知道我做事谨慎，因此在临终前把国家大事托付给我（诸葛亮）。自从接受遗命以来，我日夜忧虑叹息，惟恐先帝之所托不能实现，以至有损先帝的知人之明。所以我在五月渡过泸水，深入到不长草的地方（作战）。现在南方已经平定，武器装备已经准备充足，应当鼓舞并率领三军，向北方平定中原。希望全部贡献出自己平庸的才能，铲除奸邪凶恶的曹魏，复兴汉室，回到原来的都城洛阳。这是我用来报答先帝并忠于陛下的职责本分。至于处理事务，斟酌情理，有所兴革，毫无保留的进献忠诚的建议，那是郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的责任了。 希望陛下把讨伐奸贼、复兴汉室的任务交给我，如果没有完成，就请治我的罪，来告慰先帝在天之灵。如果没有劝勉陛下宣扬圣德的忠言，就责罚郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的怠慢，来揭露他们的过失；陛下自己也应该认真考虑国家大事，征询治理国家的好办法，听取正确的意见，深切追念先帝遗留下的诏令。（如果能够这样，）我就受恩感激不尽了。
现在我就要辞别陛下远行了，面对奏表热泪纵横，不知说了些什么。

Answer 2

The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions. The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected. General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage. Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling. The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated. I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory. That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers. Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament. I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice. Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said.