帮我翻译一下下面的句子,要翻译通顺。不要网上直接翻译的~~谢谢
3(2).TheInternationalMergerMovementandDevelopingCountriesTheforegoingexaminationofthe...
3(2).The International Merger Movement and Developing Countries
The foregoing examination of the causes and effects of the current international merger movement raises important concerns for developing countries. First,there are the obvious questions of increased market power of large multinationals and their potential abuse of dominance. Developing countries are clearly affected directly by the monopoly power effects of international mergers when a foreign multinational acquires a domestic firm. However, they are also affected indirectly even when mergers take place outside their jurisdictions, e.g. within advanced countries themselves. The "rule of being in the top three", as Tichy argues, reduces the contestability of markets and is especially harmful to the interests of late industrialising countries whose firms are building up their capabilities to compete in international markets. The reduced contestability of markets is therefore of special concern for developing countries.
Developing countries clearly need a competition policy in order to be able to deal with these issues of market dominance and abuse of dominant positions.However, even with such legislation on the statute books these countries may not have the power to restrain cartels and other uncompetitive conduct by large multinationals, owing to inadequate development of the legal and institutional framework, lack of information and difficulties of proving that prices an being manipulated by international cartels. It has become conventional to underplay the practical significance of cartels presumably on the ground that these arrangements tend to be short lived and their incidence is quite low. However,the US anti-trust authorities, which have long held a strong anti-cartel position,made their stance even stronger in the early 1990s. By the end of the decade the US position was accepted by EU and other advanced countries.Consequently, several industrial countries have passed legislation to stiffen the penalties for participation in illegal cartels. It is also increasingly recognized that the illegal cartels that are actually detected and prosecuted are merely the tip of a large iceberg.21 Recently, the US government fined participants in a European vitamin’s cartel a record sum of seven hundred and fifty million dollars. If such cartels can operate in an economy like that of the US, with its long history of anti-trust laws and their enforcement, it is more than likely that their incidence will be quiet high in developing countries. 展开
The foregoing examination of the causes and effects of the current international merger movement raises important concerns for developing countries. First,there are the obvious questions of increased market power of large multinationals and their potential abuse of dominance. Developing countries are clearly affected directly by the monopoly power effects of international mergers when a foreign multinational acquires a domestic firm. However, they are also affected indirectly even when mergers take place outside their jurisdictions, e.g. within advanced countries themselves. The "rule of being in the top three", as Tichy argues, reduces the contestability of markets and is especially harmful to the interests of late industrialising countries whose firms are building up their capabilities to compete in international markets. The reduced contestability of markets is therefore of special concern for developing countries.
Developing countries clearly need a competition policy in order to be able to deal with these issues of market dominance and abuse of dominant positions.However, even with such legislation on the statute books these countries may not have the power to restrain cartels and other uncompetitive conduct by large multinationals, owing to inadequate development of the legal and institutional framework, lack of information and difficulties of proving that prices an being manipulated by international cartels. It has become conventional to underplay the practical significance of cartels presumably on the ground that these arrangements tend to be short lived and their incidence is quite low. However,the US anti-trust authorities, which have long held a strong anti-cartel position,made their stance even stronger in the early 1990s. By the end of the decade the US position was accepted by EU and other advanced countries.Consequently, several industrial countries have passed legislation to stiffen the penalties for participation in illegal cartels. It is also increasingly recognized that the illegal cartels that are actually detected and prosecuted are merely the tip of a large iceberg.21 Recently, the US government fined participants in a European vitamin’s cartel a record sum of seven hundred and fifty million dollars. If such cartels can operate in an economy like that of the US, with its long history of anti-trust laws and their enforcement, it is more than likely that their incidence will be quiet high in developing countries. 展开
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这个的语法有问题诶……
我实在没耐心仔细看,只是大概看了一下,有几处错误,还望改正……
这是翻译工具的结果,看看意思吧:国际并购运动和发展中国家
上述检查当前的国际并购运动的原因和影响引起了发展中国家的重要关切。首先,有明显增加市场影响力的大型跨国公司和其潜在的滥用支配地位的问题。显然,发展中国家的直接影响时,外国跨国公司收购国内企业的国际并购的垄断力量影响。然而,他们也间接影响,即使兼并其管辖范围以外的地方,如在先进国家本身。 “前三名的规则”,蒂奇认为,减少市场的竞争,尤其是有害的后期工业化国家的企业正在建立自己的能力,在国际市场竞争的利益。减少对市场的竞逐,因此是对发展中国家的特别关注。
发展中国家显然需要为了能够处理这些问题,市场支配地位和滥用支配地位的竞争政策。然而,即使在法典的立法,这些国家可能没有电源抑制卡特尔和其他缺乏竞争力行为的大型跨国公司,由于法律和体制框架的发展不足,缺乏信息和困难证明1是价格国际卡特尔操纵。轻描淡写卡特尔的现实意义,在地面上,这些安排往往是短暂,他们的发病率是相当低的,大概它已成为传统。然而,20世纪90年代初美国反垄断当局已举行了强有力的反卡特尔的位置,他们的立场,甚至更强。由十年结束时,欧盟和其他先进国家接受了美国的立场。因此,一些工业国家已通过立法,加重对参与非法卡特尔的处罚。美国政府也越来越认识到,实际上是发现和起诉的非法卡特尔只是大iceberg.21最近的一角,罚款与会者在欧洲维生素卡特尔的七个一百五十亿美元的创纪录的总和。如果在一个经济体系的运作,这种卡特尔像美国的反托拉斯法和执法的悠久历史,它是更多比可能在发展中国家,他们的发病率将是宁静的高。
不懂的可以问我,你看最后一句,不应该是quiet,而是quite,就变成了相当高……
我实在没耐心仔细看,只是大概看了一下,有几处错误,还望改正……
这是翻译工具的结果,看看意思吧:国际并购运动和发展中国家
上述检查当前的国际并购运动的原因和影响引起了发展中国家的重要关切。首先,有明显增加市场影响力的大型跨国公司和其潜在的滥用支配地位的问题。显然,发展中国家的直接影响时,外国跨国公司收购国内企业的国际并购的垄断力量影响。然而,他们也间接影响,即使兼并其管辖范围以外的地方,如在先进国家本身。 “前三名的规则”,蒂奇认为,减少市场的竞争,尤其是有害的后期工业化国家的企业正在建立自己的能力,在国际市场竞争的利益。减少对市场的竞逐,因此是对发展中国家的特别关注。
发展中国家显然需要为了能够处理这些问题,市场支配地位和滥用支配地位的竞争政策。然而,即使在法典的立法,这些国家可能没有电源抑制卡特尔和其他缺乏竞争力行为的大型跨国公司,由于法律和体制框架的发展不足,缺乏信息和困难证明1是价格国际卡特尔操纵。轻描淡写卡特尔的现实意义,在地面上,这些安排往往是短暂,他们的发病率是相当低的,大概它已成为传统。然而,20世纪90年代初美国反垄断当局已举行了强有力的反卡特尔的位置,他们的立场,甚至更强。由十年结束时,欧盟和其他先进国家接受了美国的立场。因此,一些工业国家已通过立法,加重对参与非法卡特尔的处罚。美国政府也越来越认识到,实际上是发现和起诉的非法卡特尔只是大iceberg.21最近的一角,罚款与会者在欧洲维生素卡特尔的七个一百五十亿美元的创纪录的总和。如果在一个经济体系的运作,这种卡特尔像美国的反托拉斯法和执法的悠久历史,它是更多比可能在发展中国家,他们的发病率将是宁静的高。
不懂的可以问我,你看最后一句,不应该是quiet,而是quite,就变成了相当高……
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