Question

一个----巨难----高中英语单选题-----------不是高手勿进

Mr Brown and his wife expect that by the year 2015 they _____ in Beijing rather than in other cities.
A：are living B：will be living C：have lived D：will have lived
1、选出答案，并解释原因，
2、by 如何翻译?
3、标准翻译本句子

首先声明，本题答案是B项，但是请解释一个令人信服的原因。
请解释原因。如果不解释原因不要回答。谢谢

Answer 1

1.首先year 2015 是未来的时间，所以用will
而后面用be living 而不用have lived 是因为根据语境，后面只是说明他们在未来那个时间的状态，而不是他们的动作，也就是live这个动词产生的影响，现在完成时一般表示对未来产生影响
2.by意思是 在…时候；到…之前；不迟于
1. PREP 由；被 If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it.
The feast was served by his mother and sisters...
这顿美餐是他母亲和他的姐妹们准备的。
I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism...
他们的无礼和不专业让我震惊。
The town has been under attack by rebel groups for a week now.
一周来，该镇一直受到叛军的袭击。
2. PREP （图书、音乐、绘画等）由…（创作），出自 If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it.
...a painting by Van Gogh...
一幅凡·高的画
'Jacob's Ladder', the newest film by Adrian Lyne, is a post-Vietnam horror story.
阿德里安·莱恩的最新电影《雅各的天梯》讲的是一个发生在越战后的恐怖故事。
3. PREP 介词 靠；用；凭 If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing.
We'll be travelling by car.
我们将开车旅行。
...dinners by candlelight.
烛光晚餐
4. PREP 通过，凭借（做某事） If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing.
Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan...
把奶油和高汤一起放在平底锅里熬煮来制作调味料。
The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world...
这艘游艇的船员为清一色的女性，她们进行了首次环球航行，创造了历史。
By using the air ambulance to transport patients between hospitals, they can save up to £15,000 per patient.
使用空中救护车在医院间运送病人，他们为每个病人节省的费用可达15,000英镑。
5. PREP （用于短语中）由于，出于（偶然或意外） You use by in phrases such as 'by chance' or 'by accident' to indicate whether or not an event was planned.
I met him by chance out walking yesterday...
我昨天外出散步时碰巧遇见了他。
He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake...
他不小心拆了英格丽德的信。
Whether by design or accident his timing was perfect.
不管是计划好的还是巧合，他对时机的把握堪称完美。
6. PREP 就（本性、职业或出身）而言 If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into.
I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature...
拥有一个天性仁爱的贤妻，我当然很幸运。
She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women...
她的职业是护士，现在开办了一个妇女咨询中心。
Her parents were in fact American by birth.
她的父母在血统上其实是美国人。
7. PREP 根据，按照（法律或某种标准） If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something is the case by particular standards, it is the case according to the standards.
Pharmacists are required by law to give the medicine prescribed by the doctor.
法律规定药剂师必须按照医生开的处方配药。
...evening wear that was discreet by his standards.
以他的标准来看相当朴素的晚礼服
8. PREP 说（某词语或某一番话） If you say what someone means by a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to.
Stella knew what he meant by 'start again'...
斯特拉知道他说“重来”是什么意思。
'You're unbelievably lucky.' — 'What do you mean by that?'
“你真是太幸运了。”——“你这话是什么意思？”
9. PREP （用于表示抓住身体某部位或握住物体某部分） If you hold someone or something by a particular part of them, you hold that part.
He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around...
他抓住她的肩膀把她的身子转了过来。
She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor...
她被拉着胳膊带到走廊另一头的一个小房间里。
He picked up the photocopy by one corner and put it in his wallet.
他拈着影印件的一角把它拿起来，放进了自己的钱包。
10. PREP 在…旁边；接近 Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it.
Judith was sitting in a rocking-chair by the window...
朱迪丝正坐在窗户边的一张摇椅里。
Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine...
费利西蒂·马克斯韦尔站在吧台旁，要了一杯红酒。
Emma was by the door.
艾玛站在门旁。
By is also an adverb.
Large numbers of security police stood by.
大批秘密警察站在一旁。
11. PREP 经过；经由 If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping.
A few cars passed close by me...
几辆车贴着我开过去。
He kept walking and passed by me on his side of the street.
他一直在街对面走着，并与街这边的我交错而过。
By is also an adverb.
The bomb went off as a police patrol went by.
当一队巡警经过时，炸弹爆炸了。
12. PREP 在（某处停留） If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time.
We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove...
我们已安排好去造访她位于帕西菲克格罗夫的家。
Daddy called and asked me to drop by his office.
爸爸打来电话让我去他办公室一趟。
By is also an adverb.
I'll stop by after dinner and we'll have that talk.
饭后我会过去坐一会儿，到时我们再谈。
13. PREP 在…时候；到…之前；不迟于 If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time.
By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel...
到8点时，他已经到达我住的宾馆了。
We all knew by then that the affair was practically over.
到那时，我们都知道事情实际上已经结束了。
14. PREP 在（白天或夜晚） If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night.
By day a woman could safely walk the streets, but at night the pavements became dangerous...
白天的时候，妇女可以安全地在街上行走，而到了夜晚人行道上会变得很危险。
She had no wish to hurry alone through the streets of London by night.
她可不想独自在夜晚匆匆走过伦敦的街道。
15. PREP （乘或除）以 In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum.
...an apparent annual rate of 22.8 per cent (1.9 multiplied by 12)...
22.8%的名义年率（1.9乘以12）
230cm divided by 22cm is 10.45cm.
230厘米除以22厘米等于10.45厘米。
16. PREP 乘（表示长乘宽得出的居室等的面积） You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction.
Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2 metres.
3个囚犯关在一个3米长2米宽的小牢房里。
17. PREP （表示增减的幅度） If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost.
Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year...
暴力犯罪自去年以来增加了10%。
Their pay has been cut by one-third.
他们薪水降低了1/3。
18. PREP 以…计；按…计 Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities.
Parcels arrived by the dozen from America...
包裹成打地从美国运来。
Liberty fabrics, both for furnishing and for dressmaking, are sold by the metre.
利伯蒂布按米出售，既可用作装饰又可作衣料。
19. PREP （表示事物的逐渐变化） You use by in expressions such as 'minute by minute' and 'drop by drop' to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once.
His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.
他的父亲开始一点点地失去记忆，变得越来越健忘。
20. PHRASE 独自；单独 If you are by yourself, you are alone.
...a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner.
一个独自坐在角落里的黑发男人
21. PHRASE 独立（完成某事） If you do something by yourself, you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you.
I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.
我不知道自己是否能够独自养大一个孩子。

3.翻译 布朗先生和他的妻子预计，到2015年，他们将在北京生活，而不是在其他城市。

Answer 2

高手来了
首先说明一下, 我只用两个人的参考书. 张道全的语法大全和薄冰的高级语法
1\将来进行时内容丰富,远不只单纯时间观念这么简单. 将来进行时可表安排,原因,结果和可能等等.本句中应该是表安排或可能.
2\完成时肯定要强调"已完成". 如果是个这样的句子"By the year 2015 I will have been living in BJ for ten years"那我认为肯定要用完成时，因为强调的是到XX为止己完成，，，本题只强调居住而不是完成居住．
3．提醒你一下，口语也好，课文也好，小说也好，著作也好,将来进行时是很常用的,另外,很多时候不表进行这个概念,与一般将来时差不多,不过多了点味道,具体什么味道,视情况而定(现在进行时也有类似功能)！！！I will be seeing you tomorrow我明天将会见到你的,
而将来完成时在生活中或著作中你基本见不到. 可能是只有强调完成或猜测时才用它的原因.
--4.will也有可能只是情态动词
-5\by 也可以表示在什么的时候,见新牛津美语大词典:
""indicating the period in which something happens
在…的时候""
----
翻译:可以他们期望到2015年时他们还是能住在北京而不是其它城市
总结:1\如果看不出强调"完成某动作或完成某段时间"的意思,也不表推测,尽量不要选将来完成时.
2\By的用法不是一定要跟完成时!!! By还有在什么什么时候的意思. By this time tomorrow , I will be lying on the beach. 实际上by 跟进行时也并不少见.

---纯手工,请感受.

Answer 3

B是将来进行时态

言下之意，在2015年的那个时候，他们正住在北京

布朗先生和他的太太期待，在2015年的时候，他们正住在北京，而不是其他的城市

by the year 2015,在21015年的时候，，或者，最迟不超过2105年

Answer 4

D ,这里的BY 是完成时的标志。因为是2015年所以是将来完成时。by的意思是直到。。。。为止
Mr Brown 和他的妻子希望直到2015年他们还住在北京而不是其它的城市。

Answer 5

考察将来进行时的用法！因为时间是在2015年，所以是用将来时，排除A、C，从翻译上可以看出是正在进行时，排除D选项！选择B !