Question

是不是非谓语中,如果完成式表示非谓语部分,必须把have改成having...

Answer 1

非限定动词(non-finite verb)是动词的非谓语形式。它在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制；它在句中可以用作其它句子成分。非限定动词有三种，即不定式、动名词和分词。它具有双重性质，既有动词的性质，又有非动词性质。它的动词性质之一，就表现在：有时式与语态的变化。但是非谓语动词的完成式并不是只有把have改成having，即“having加过去分词”一种形式，因为非谓语动词中，动词不定式，动名词和现在分词都有完成式。下面，我来给你举一下非谓语动词的完成式的几个例子。
第一，当动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，动词不定式要用完成式“to have加过去分词”。如：
To have known her is a privilege.
This house seems to have been built by a good architect.
By 1992, he hopes to have opened a branch overseas.
He is too young to have seen the old society.
They might have found it to have lived long, had a particular circumstance not occurred.
Leonardo da Vinci is said to have bought birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. （达·芬奇早已经过世，当然这里动词不定式要用完成式）
I remember to have seen it. （动词remember后接不定式完成式可表过去完成的动作）
I intended to have finished my work last night. （不定式完成式也可以表示过去未完成的动作）
第二，动名词所表的动作发生在谓语动词所表的动作之前，动名词要用完成式“having加过去分词”，如：
Allan repented having shot the bird.
Edith denied having been there.
His audacity comes from having seen the worst happen, from having endured the keenest pain.
第三，作状语的现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表的动作之前，现在分词要用完成式“having加过去分词”，这种现在分词的完成式常常表示时间和原因。现在分词完成式可以用于独立主格结构中，但一般不用作名词的定语。如：
Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us.
I was unable to accept your invitation, having promised to accompany my mother to the concert.
Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.
My turn having come round, I was ushered into the examining room.
Having finished his pipe, he rose from the table.
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。