求大学英语以下文章的译文(一篇100分！！)
全部出自大学英语全新版二级综合教程TEXTBchildrenandmoneytherichestmaninamerica,downhometextgenerationga...
全部出自大学英语全新版二级综合教程TEXTB
children and money
the richest man in america,down home
text generation gap:u r 2 old
mother`s mad about the internuts
fourteen steps
beginning anew
the role of english in the 21st century
excerpts from silent spring 展开
children and money
the richest man in america,down home
text generation gap:u r 2 old
mother`s mad about the internuts
fourteen steps
beginning anew
the role of english in the 21st century
excerpts from silent spring 展开
3个回答
展开全部
The Role of English in the 21st Century
Melvyn A. Hasman
1 The global spread of English over the last 40 years has been remarkable. (1)It is unparalleled in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language; by its depth of penetration into societies; by its range of functions.
英语在21世纪的作用
梅尔文·A·哈斯曼
在过去的40多年间，英语在全球的传播引人瞩目。这一过程在几个方面都是前所未有的：英语使用人数的增加，英语在不同社会渗透的深度，以及英语功用的广度。
2 Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the world's population speaks some English. And at present one in five -- over one billion people -- are learning English. Over 70% of the world's scientists read English. About 85% of the world's mail is written is English. And 90% of all information in the world's electronic retrieval systems is stored in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers. This trend will certainly affect the language.
全世界有14亿多人生活在英语享有官方地位的国家。世界人口的五分之一讲英语。在目前就有五分之一的人——超过10亿人——在学英语。全世界70%以上的科学家阅读英语。全世界约有85%的邮件是用英语书写的。世界上各种电子检索系统90%的信息用英语储存。到2010年，将英语作为第二语言或外语使用的人数将超过以英语为母语的人数。这一趋势无疑会对英语产生影响。
3 English is used for more purposes than ever before. Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment. (2)What began some 1,500 years ago as a crude language, originally spoken by little known German tribes who invaded England, now covers the globe.
使用英语的目的比以往任何时候都多。英语的词汇，语法形式，以及说写方式演变深受科技发展、经济状况，以及管理、文学、娱乐的影响。大约1500年前，英语还只是那些入侵英格兰的鲜为人知的日尔曼部落使用的一种粗俗的语言，如今它却遍及全球。
4 When Mexican pilots land their airplanes in France, they and the ground controllers use English. When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community to new discoveries, they first publish their findings in English. When Japanese executives conduct business with Scandinavian businessmen, they negotiate in English. When pop singers write their songs, they often use English. When demonstrators want to alert the world to their problems, they display signs in English.
墨西哥飞行员在法国降落飞机时，与地面控制人员用英语通话。德国物理学家要将新发现通报国际科学界时，他们首先用英语发表他们的研究成果。日本经理与斯堪的纳维亚商人做生意时，双方用英语谈判。流行歌手写歌时常常用英语。游行示威者要引起世界关注他们的问题，就打着用英语书写的标语。
5 Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce; the ability to integrate vocabulary from other languages; and the acceptability of various English dialects. 有三个因素继续促进着英语的传播：英语在科技、商务上的应用；英语融合其他语言词汇的能力；对各种不同的英语方言的认同。
6 In science, English replaced German after World War Ⅱ. (3)With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall dominance by the language, first in Europe and then globally.
在科学领域，英语在二战之后取代了德语。随着它在科技领域主导地位的确立，英语先是在欧洲，继而在全球开始取得全面的主导地位。
7 Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time and distance. This is transforming world economies from industrial production to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and borders, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less than 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed work, has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-aided communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style.
今天，信息时代已经取代了工业时代，并缩短了时间和距离。这一情况正在改变世界经济使其从工业生产转向以信息为基础的产品与服务。信息革命不再受地域与国界的限制，正在重新界定我们的世界。在不到20年的时间内，过去仅限于出版物的信息处理已经让位于计算机和互联网。借助于计算机的通讯交际正在弥合英语口语与书面语之间的距离。它鼓励人们使用更多非正式的会话语言，包容多样性和个人风格。
8 English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic grammar. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80% is foreign. It has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
英语像许多语言一样使用语音字母以及比较基本的语法。但最重要的是，它拥有庞大且覆盖面宽广的词汇，其中约有80%是外来词。它从西班牙语和法语、希伯来语和阿拉伯语、印地－乌尔都语和孟加拉语、马来语和汉语，以及西非和波利尼西亚等各种语言中曾经借用过并继续借用各种词汇。这一特点使得它成为历史上独一无二的语言。
9 Finally, no English language central authority guards the standards of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. But within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary. Thus, each country that speaks the language can introduce aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
最后一点是，由于没有英语语言中央权威机构维护英语标准，因此形成了许多方言：美国英语、英国英语、加拿大英语、印度英语和澳大利亚英语，就是众多的方言中的几种。英语没有标准的发音。但在其多样性里存在一个统一的语法和一套核心词汇。这样，每一个讲英语的国家都能将各自的文化融入英语的用法和词汇中。
10 However, the future is unpredictable. There has never been a language so widely spread or spoken by so many people as English. So, there are no examples to help us predict what happens to a language when it achieves genuine world status.
然而，英语的未来无从预测。从来没有一种语言像英语这样为这么多人如此广泛地传播使用。因此，没有先例来帮助我们预测，当一种语言取得真正的国际性地位之后会发生什么情况。
11 The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting new patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
世界正处于变革之中，英语将会出现新的形式。英语及其使用将有所变化，将反映出它与其他语言交往的新模式，以及变化中的人际交往需求。
12 English is ridding itself of its political and cultural associations as more people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
英语正在消除其自身的政治和文化的含义，因为越来越多的人认识到，英语不是少数几个国家的财产。相反，它是一种全球通用的媒介。谁使用它，它就属于谁，不管用于何种目的或需要。
13 There is no reason to believe that any one other language will appear within the next 50 years to replace English. However, it is possible that English will not remain unchallenged in the 21st century. Rather, a small number of languages may share in importance -- each with a special area of influence. For example, Spanish is rising because of expanding trade and the increase of the Latino population in the United States. This could create a bilingual English-Spanish region.
没有理由相信在未来50年内会出现任何其他一种语言取代英语。然而，英语在21世纪遭遇挑战的可能性不是不存在。少数几种语言倒是有可能与之分庭抗礼——各有其特殊的影响地域。比如，由于贸易的扩展和美国国内拉丁美洲人口的增加，西班牙语的地位正在上升。这可能产生出一个英语和西班牙语共存的双语地区。
14 A language shift, in which individuals change their language loyalties, is another possibility. These shifts are slow and difficult to predict. But within the next 50 years substantial language shifts could occur as economic development affects more countries.
改换语言，即人们放弃自己一向使用的语言改用其他语言，是另一种可能。这种改换过程缓慢，难以预测。但在未来50年内，随着经济发展对更多国家产生影响，重大的语言改换可能会发生。
15 Because of these shifts in loyalties, more languages may disappear. Those remaining will rapidly get more native speakers. This includes English.
由于语言使用上的这些变动，更多的语言可能会消失。剩下来的语言将迅速为更多的人作为母语使用，其中包括英语。
16 Universities using English as the medium of instruction will expand and rapidly create a generation of middle-class professionals. Economic development will only increase the middle class, a group that is more likely to learn and use English in jobs.
用英语讲课的大学将会增多，并迅速造就一代中产阶级专业人员。经济发展只会壮大这个中产阶级，这一群体更有可能在工作中学习并使用英语。
17 (4)While languages such as English, German, and French have been international languages because of their governments' political power, this is less likely to be the case in the 21st century where economics and shifts in population will have more influence on languages.
虽然英语、德语和法语这些语言曾经凭着各自政府的政治力量而成为国际语言，这种情况在经济和人口变化对语言的影响更大的21世纪不太可能发生。
18 English has been an international language for only 50 years. If the pattern follows the previous language trends, we still have about 100 years before a new language dominates the world. However, this does not mean that English is replacing or will replace other languages as many fear. Instead, it may supplement or co-exist with languages by allowing strangers to communicate across language boundaries. It may become one tool that opens windows to the world, unlocks doors to opportunities, and expands our minds to new ideas.
英语成为国际语言至今仅有50年。如果英语的发展沿袭以往的语言发展模式，那么在一种新的语言主宰世界之前，英语仍可享有100 年左右的主导地位。然而，这并不意味着如许多人所担心的那样，英语正在或将会取代其他语言。相反，它可以作为其他语言的补充，或与其他语言并存，让陌生人跨越语言障碍进行交际。它可能成为人们了解世界、开启机遇大门、扩展思路、接纳新思想的一种工具。
Melvyn A. Hasman
1 The global spread of English over the last 40 years has been remarkable. (1)It is unparalleled in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language; by its depth of penetration into societies; by its range of functions.
英语在21世纪的作用
梅尔文·A·哈斯曼
在过去的40多年间，英语在全球的传播引人瞩目。这一过程在几个方面都是前所未有的：英语使用人数的增加，英语在不同社会渗透的深度，以及英语功用的广度。
2 Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the world's population speaks some English. And at present one in five -- over one billion people -- are learning English. Over 70% of the world's scientists read English. About 85% of the world's mail is written is English. And 90% of all information in the world's electronic retrieval systems is stored in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers. This trend will certainly affect the language.
全世界有14亿多人生活在英语享有官方地位的国家。世界人口的五分之一讲英语。在目前就有五分之一的人——超过10亿人——在学英语。全世界70%以上的科学家阅读英语。全世界约有85%的邮件是用英语书写的。世界上各种电子检索系统90%的信息用英语储存。到2010年，将英语作为第二语言或外语使用的人数将超过以英语为母语的人数。这一趋势无疑会对英语产生影响。
3 English is used for more purposes than ever before. Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment. (2)What began some 1,500 years ago as a crude language, originally spoken by little known German tribes who invaded England, now covers the globe.
使用英语的目的比以往任何时候都多。英语的词汇，语法形式，以及说写方式演变深受科技发展、经济状况，以及管理、文学、娱乐的影响。大约1500年前，英语还只是那些入侵英格兰的鲜为人知的日尔曼部落使用的一种粗俗的语言，如今它却遍及全球。
4 When Mexican pilots land their airplanes in France, they and the ground controllers use English. When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community to new discoveries, they first publish their findings in English. When Japanese executives conduct business with Scandinavian businessmen, they negotiate in English. When pop singers write their songs, they often use English. When demonstrators want to alert the world to their problems, they display signs in English.
墨西哥飞行员在法国降落飞机时，与地面控制人员用英语通话。德国物理学家要将新发现通报国际科学界时，他们首先用英语发表他们的研究成果。日本经理与斯堪的纳维亚商人做生意时，双方用英语谈判。流行歌手写歌时常常用英语。游行示威者要引起世界关注他们的问题，就打着用英语书写的标语。
5 Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce; the ability to integrate vocabulary from other languages; and the acceptability of various English dialects. 有三个因素继续促进着英语的传播：英语在科技、商务上的应用；英语融合其他语言词汇的能力；对各种不同的英语方言的认同。
6 In science, English replaced German after World War Ⅱ. (3)With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall dominance by the language, first in Europe and then globally.
在科学领域，英语在二战之后取代了德语。随着它在科技领域主导地位的确立，英语先是在欧洲，继而在全球开始取得全面的主导地位。
7 Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time and distance. This is transforming world economies from industrial production to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and borders, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less than 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed work, has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-aided communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style.
今天，信息时代已经取代了工业时代，并缩短了时间和距离。这一情况正在改变世界经济使其从工业生产转向以信息为基础的产品与服务。信息革命不再受地域与国界的限制，正在重新界定我们的世界。在不到20年的时间内，过去仅限于出版物的信息处理已经让位于计算机和互联网。借助于计算机的通讯交际正在弥合英语口语与书面语之间的距离。它鼓励人们使用更多非正式的会话语言，包容多样性和个人风格。
8 English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic grammar. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80% is foreign. It has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
英语像许多语言一样使用语音字母以及比较基本的语法。但最重要的是，它拥有庞大且覆盖面宽广的词汇，其中约有80%是外来词。它从西班牙语和法语、希伯来语和阿拉伯语、印地－乌尔都语和孟加拉语、马来语和汉语，以及西非和波利尼西亚等各种语言中曾经借用过并继续借用各种词汇。这一特点使得它成为历史上独一无二的语言。
9 Finally, no English language central authority guards the standards of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. But within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary. Thus, each country that speaks the language can introduce aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
最后一点是，由于没有英语语言中央权威机构维护英语标准，因此形成了许多方言：美国英语、英国英语、加拿大英语、印度英语和澳大利亚英语，就是众多的方言中的几种。英语没有标准的发音。但在其多样性里存在一个统一的语法和一套核心词汇。这样，每一个讲英语的国家都能将各自的文化融入英语的用法和词汇中。
10 However, the future is unpredictable. There has never been a language so widely spread or spoken by so many people as English. So, there are no examples to help us predict what happens to a language when it achieves genuine world status.
然而，英语的未来无从预测。从来没有一种语言像英语这样为这么多人如此广泛地传播使用。因此，没有先例来帮助我们预测，当一种语言取得真正的国际性地位之后会发生什么情况。
11 The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting new patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
世界正处于变革之中，英语将会出现新的形式。英语及其使用将有所变化，将反映出它与其他语言交往的新模式，以及变化中的人际交往需求。
12 English is ridding itself of its political and cultural associations as more people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
英语正在消除其自身的政治和文化的含义，因为越来越多的人认识到，英语不是少数几个国家的财产。相反，它是一种全球通用的媒介。谁使用它，它就属于谁，不管用于何种目的或需要。
13 There is no reason to believe that any one other language will appear within the next 50 years to replace English. However, it is possible that English will not remain unchallenged in the 21st century. Rather, a small number of languages may share in importance -- each with a special area of influence. For example, Spanish is rising because of expanding trade and the increase of the Latino population in the United States. This could create a bilingual English-Spanish region.
没有理由相信在未来50年内会出现任何其他一种语言取代英语。然而，英语在21世纪遭遇挑战的可能性不是不存在。少数几种语言倒是有可能与之分庭抗礼——各有其特殊的影响地域。比如，由于贸易的扩展和美国国内拉丁美洲人口的增加，西班牙语的地位正在上升。这可能产生出一个英语和西班牙语共存的双语地区。
14 A language shift, in which individuals change their language loyalties, is another possibility. These shifts are slow and difficult to predict. But within the next 50 years substantial language shifts could occur as economic development affects more countries.
改换语言，即人们放弃自己一向使用的语言改用其他语言，是另一种可能。这种改换过程缓慢，难以预测。但在未来50年内，随着经济发展对更多国家产生影响，重大的语言改换可能会发生。
15 Because of these shifts in loyalties, more languages may disappear. Those remaining will rapidly get more native speakers. This includes English.
由于语言使用上的这些变动，更多的语言可能会消失。剩下来的语言将迅速为更多的人作为母语使用，其中包括英语。
16 Universities using English as the medium of instruction will expand and rapidly create a generation of middle-class professionals. Economic development will only increase the middle class, a group that is more likely to learn and use English in jobs.
用英语讲课的大学将会增多，并迅速造就一代中产阶级专业人员。经济发展只会壮大这个中产阶级，这一群体更有可能在工作中学习并使用英语。
17 (4)While languages such as English, German, and French have been international languages because of their governments' political power, this is less likely to be the case in the 21st century where economics and shifts in population will have more influence on languages.
虽然英语、德语和法语这些语言曾经凭着各自政府的政治力量而成为国际语言，这种情况在经济和人口变化对语言的影响更大的21世纪不太可能发生。
18 English has been an international language for only 50 years. If the pattern follows the previous language trends, we still have about 100 years before a new language dominates the world. However, this does not mean that English is replacing or will replace other languages as many fear. Instead, it may supplement or co-exist with languages by allowing strangers to communicate across language boundaries. It may become one tool that opens windows to the world, unlocks doors to opportunities, and expands our minds to new ideas.
英语成为国际语言至今仅有50年。如果英语的发展沿袭以往的语言发展模式，那么在一种新的语言主宰世界之前，英语仍可享有100 年左右的主导地位。然而，这并不意味着如许多人所担心的那样，英语正在或将会取代其他语言。相反，它可以作为其他语言的补充，或与其他语言并存，让陌生人跨越语言障碍进行交际。它可能成为人们了解世界、开启机遇大门、扩展思路、接纳新思想的一种工具。
参考资料： 百度文库
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Are you kidding me?
去买本教辅吧 要不就去图书馆 应该有
去买本教辅吧 要不就去图书馆 应该有
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