Question

Ving在句子中一般做什么成分,举例说明？

Answer 1

ving可以是动词的现在分词形式或动名词形式。

一对于分词（包括现在分词和过去分词），分词主要起形容词和副词作用，在句中充当表语、定语、宾语（或主语）的补足语和状语等。
1) 作表语。这时，现在分词常常表示特性，过去分词表示状态。例如：
His argument is very convincing. 他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news. 听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
2) 作定语。例如：

Don’t disturb the sleeping child. 不要惊扰这个酣睡的孩子。
The arrested murderer will be tried soon. 那个被逮捕的谋杀者不久将受到审讯。
3) 作宾语（或主语）的补足语。例如：

He likes to sit on the beach and watch the sea gulls flying. 他喜欢坐在海边看海鸥飞翔。
The work left everyone exhausted. 那个任务使得人人疲意不堪。
4) 作状语。

（1）作时间或原因状语，通常位于句子前面。例如：
Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking.(=When they heard...) 听见有人敲门，他们停止了谈话。
Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. （As I was asked to...)
由于那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。
（2）作方式、陪衬或结果状语，通常位于句末。例如：
They stood there waiting for the bus. (and were waiting.) 他们站在那儿等公共汽车。
The bandits fled into the mountains, pursued by the policemen. (and were pursued...) 匪徒向山里逃窜，警察在后面追捕着。
The hunters fired, wounding one of the wolves. (and wounded one of the wolves)猎人开了枪，击伤了那群狼中的一只。
5) 分词的独立结构
分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构叫作分词的独立结构，或独立主格（Absolute Construction）例如：
The rain having stopped, the soldiers continued their march. 雨停了，战士们又继续行军了。
The boys returned, their face covered with sweat. 孩子们回来了，满脸是汗。
6) 作插入语

有时也称“独立成分”，其作用相当于句子状语。例如：
Generally speaking, I prefer rice to noodles. 一般地说，我宁愿吃米饭而不吃面条。
Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner. 从他的口音听来，他一定是南方人。
二、动名词与现在分词同形，但主要起名词作用，在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语和同位语等。
1) 作主语和表语。例如：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Reading French is easier than speaking it. 法语的阅读比讲容易。
My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。
2) 作宾语。例如：

He enjoys listening to classical music. 他喜欢听古典音乐。
We must avoid making such mistakes again. 我们必须避免再犯类似错误。
3) 作介词宾语。是动名词最为常见的用途。例如：

Have you got used to working on the night shift? 你已习惯上夜班了吗？
Children are fond of reading detective stories. 儿童喜欢读侦探故事。
He insisted on there being no discussion of his private affairs at the meeting. 他坚持会上不讨论他的私事。
4) 作同位语。例如：

His habit, studying at night, remains unchanged. 他夜间学习的习惯始终没有改变。
That was his favourite pastime, playing bridge. 那就是他最喜爱的娱乐----打桥牌。

Answer 2

一.作主语，比如Reading is good for us二，作表语，my hobby is reading三，作宾语，I like reading.四，作定语，The man reading there is my brother.

Answer 3

一.作主语，比如Reading is good for us
二，作表语，my hobby is reading
三，作宾语，I like reading.
四，作定语，The man reading there is my brother.

Answer 4

一.作主语，比如Reading is good for us二，作表语，my hobby is reading三，作宾语，I like reading.四，作定语，The man reading there is my brother.

Answer 5

一.作主语，比如Reading is good for us二，作表语，my hobby is reading三，作宾语，I like reading.四，作定语，The man reading there is my brother.