Question

请问下面这个英语句子的语法成分是什么？

The dog owner's beloved 10-year-old dog named Buddy, took an unexpected 16-hour flight to Tokyo following a mix-up by the airline

Answer 1

首先对句子进行翻译得到
名叫巴迪的狗主人的10岁爱犬
由于航空公司搞错了
它乘坐了16个小时的飞机
意外地飞到了东京
于是句子的语法成分就是
The dog owner's beloved 10-year-old dog 主语
named Buddy 后置定语
took 谓语；an unexpected 16 hour flight 宾语；
to Tokyo 宾补；following a mix-up by the airline 状语

Answer 2

The dog owner's beloved 10-year-old dog named Buddy主语 took谓 an unexpected 16-hour flight宾 to Tokyo状 following a mix-up by the airline状
逗号应该去掉，或者在named前加个逗号。
The (dog owner's beloved 10-year-old定语) dog （named Buddy定语）
结构：
The dog took a flight to Tokyo