Question

如何区别it，one和that

Answer 1

初中英语中one,that和it的用法辨析

Answer 2

it 同类同一，one 同类不同一，that 指那个

Answer 3

一、it
代替前面的事物本身。
它可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式为they/ them.
没有增加语义，所以不能带有任何定语。
二、 one
可以代替与前面同类不同一的事物；可以代替某类事物中的任何一个；可以做同位语，重复指代前面的事物，其后有定语从句用以进一步说明前面的名词。
one表泛指，相当于a/an+名词。
one只能代替可数名词，其复数形式是ones。
one可以根据语义在它的前面或后面加上一些定语。
one前面不能直接加不定冠词（a / an）或物主代词，one前已经有形容词时，则可以加不定冠词或物主代词；one前加the与否，取决于是否特指，如果特指就加the。
one既可以代指物，也可以代指人。
三、 that
代替与前面同类不同一的事物。
that表特指，相当于the+名词。
它可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式为those。
that可以根据语义在它的后面加上一些定语，多数是of短语；它的前面不能存在任何定语。
that只能代指物。
四、例句分析：
I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）
I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指，因为my umbrella已经丢了）
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”，以区别“the umbrella you bought”）
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair）
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）
I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen）
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people）
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting）
These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）
The one ／That on the table is mine. （该句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That）
He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中the one代替人，不能用that）
He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones ／those that had the best color. （该句中the ones代替事物，并且也可以用those）
Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors.
The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.