日本九州大学基本概况介绍
三、教研优势
1.设施完备的研究所
International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER),Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation,Hydrogen Energy Research,World-Leading Hydrogen Energy Research,Interntional Research Center for Hydrogen Energy,Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Industrial Use and Storage,Next-Generation Fuel Cell Research Center (NEXT-FC),Center for Co-Evolutional Social Systems,Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR)Hisayama Study,JST-ERATO ADACHI Molecular Exciton Engineering Project国际碳中性能源研究协会(I2CNER)
医疗氧化还原创新中心、氢能源研究、世界领先的氢能源研究、氢能国际研究中心、氢能源工业用和储存研究中心、下一代燃料电池研究中心、共同进化社会系统中心、临床与转化研究中心(CCTR)、Hisayama研究中心、贾马托阿达瓦分子激子工程项目。
2.部分研究成果展示
研究成果一：环境问题和社会弱势:环境人类学研究地下水砷污染的方法
Environmental Problems and the Socially Vulnerable: An Environmental Anthropological Approach to Research on Arsenic Contamination of GroundwaterMy lab conducts research on the social causes and effects of environmental problems, primarily in developing countries. In particular, our research focuses on the relationship between environmental problems and socially vulnerable groups such as the poor.One of these studies investigates arsenic contamination of groundwater. Arsenic contamination is a global problem, but has especially been found throughout the large river basins of Asia. Based on the areal extent and number of people affected, the arsenic contamination of the groundwater along the Ganges River, running through India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, is sometime called the worst environmental contamination in the world. The contamination is caused by the liquefaction of natural-occurring arsenic in groundwater. People drink water from arsenic-contaminated wells, leading to chronic arsenic poisoning.Since the degree of groundwater contamination in a given location is determined by various conditions in the ground, there should be no relation between the economic situation of the people above ground and whether or not the water they happen to drink is contaminated with arsenic; therefore, any negative health effects that do appear should affect the residents randomly. However, surveys in rural communities in Bangladesh and Nepal have shown that the populations most affected are the poor and the low-caste.Reasons for this phenomenon are not entirely clear, but one factor appears to be general physical health due to differences in diet such as the consumption of animal-based protein. However, this alone cannot explain the high rate at which the lowest castes in Nepal are affected. The socially disadvantaged position in which these populations are placed, such as through the limitation of their rights, likely bears some relation, but we still cannot explain the precise mechanism by which this operates. Since it is difficult to explain this type of relationship between cultural customs and the health of its members by means of reductionist approaches, we are searching for a new approach.
我的实验室对环境问题的社会原因和影响进行了研究，主要是在发展中国家。特别是，我们的研究关注的是环境问题和穷人等弱势群体之间的关系。其中一项研究调查了地下水的砷污染。砷污染是一个全球性问题，但在亚洲的大江流域尤为明显。根据受影响程度和受影响的人数，恒河中地下水的砷污染，流经印度、尼泊尔和孟加拉国，有时被称为世界上最严重的环境污染。污染是由地下水中自然砷的液化造成的。人们从砷污染的水井中饮水，导致砷中毒。由于某一地点的地下水污染程度是由地面的各种条件决定的，所以在地面上的人们的经济状况和他们饮用的水是否被砷污染是没有关系的。因此，任何出现的负面健康影响都应该随机影响居民。然而，孟加拉国和尼泊尔农村社区的调查显示，受影响最严重的人群是穷人和低种姓人群。造成这种现象的原因还不完全清楚，但其中一个因素似乎是由于饮食方面的差异导致的身体健康状况，比如食用动物蛋白。然而，仅凭这一点无法解释尼泊尔的最低种姓受影响的高比率。社会弱势群体的地位例如通过限制他们的权利可能有一些关系，但是我们仍然不能解释这种运作的确切机制。由于很难用简化的方法来解释文化习俗和其成员的健康之间的关系，所以我们正在寻找一种新的方法。
研究成果二：通过分享经验增强移情作用的媒体技术
owards Media Technology that Enhance Empathy by Shared-ExperiencesOur research is on virtual reality and wearable computers, through which we aim to create new connectionsbetween people and technology based on our observations of what characterizes the human body and mind. We areespecially involved in the field of emotional engineering, which adopts an engineering approach to the broadrange of human emotions, something that computers have not been handled until recently. We expect interpretingemotions from an engineering standpoint may facilitate our understanding the feelings of others and help usperceive ourselves more objectively. It is our aspiration to realize the kind of media technology that allows usto share experiences with others.In concrete terms, we are making devices for quantitatively measuring what conscious and unconscious responsespeople have to perceptional stimuli. On the basis of experimental insights, we prepare content for the creationof experience systems. Fig. 1 shows Emotion Hacking VR, an emotion system that employs tactile stimuli to amplifyemotions of fear. Taking advantage of the link between emotions of fear and increased heart rate, this systemallows users to experience horror content by intentionally raising their heart rate through external tactile
我们的研究是关于虚拟现实和可穿戴电脑的，我们的目标是创造新的联系人与技术之间的关系基于我们对人类身体和精神特征的观察。我们是特别是在情感工程领域，它采用了工程学的方法人类情感的范围，计算机直到最近才被处理。我们希望解释从工程学的角度来看，情绪可能有助于我们理解他人的感受并帮助我们更客观地看待自己。我们的愿望是实现一种允许我们的媒体技术与他人分享经验。用具体的术语来说，我们正在制造用于定量测量有意识和无意识反应的设备人们需要感知刺激。在实验的基础上，我们为创作准备了内容系统的经验。图1展示了情感黑客虚拟现实，一种利用触觉刺激来放大的情感系统情感的恐惧。利用恐惧情绪和心率增加之间的联系，这个系统允许用户通过外部的触觉来提高他们的心率，从而体验恐怖的内容。
研究成果三：夜晚的灯光和内部的生物钟:你的生物钟会受到明亮的夜晚的影响吗?
Light at night and the internal circadian clock: Is your clock affected by bright nights?Research background:If you join together satellite images of the earth at night, you can create a map of the world drawn in light. Nighttime illumination is necessary for our everyday peace of mind. However, recent research has indicated that bright nights may negatively affect our sleep and circadian clock. At our laboratory, we research the effects of light on the human body in order to design light environments that are healthy and human-friendly.What is a circadian clock?The circadian clock is a kind of internal clock, centered in the hypothalamus in your brain, which measures off cycles of approximately one day’s length. The circadian clock also plays a role in aligning the internal rhythms with the daylight cycle created by the rotation of the Earth. Light that enters the eye is transmitted to the brain, affecting the circadian clock along a path (the dotted line in the left region of the diagram below) that is separate from those of perception of brightness and color. In our research, we investigate the effects of light, utilizing the fact that the production of melatonin, a hormone secreted only at night, is suppressed by light exposure (diagram right).Light for people working at nightNight shifts and alternative work schedules disturb the circadian rhythm and sleep. Although light is necessary for nighttime work, that same light ironically increases risks to worker health. In our laboratory, we scientifically test the effects of working under nighttime light in order to protect workers from negative health effects. In a recent joint research effort with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), we have conducted research on illumination within the control room, an environment which operates on a 24-hour work schedule.There are photosensitive cells other than rods and cones!We know that the effect of light on the circadian clock is strong when carried through blue light. This is due to the existence of retinal ganglion cells containing a type of photoreceptor known as melanopsin. These cells, discovered just before the year 2000, shocked the world. These photosensitive cells convey information about light to the circadian clock. At our laboratory, we conducted research focusing on polymorphic genetic differences in melanopsin in different individuals. To put it simply, we found that response to light differs if the protein blueprint is different (Higuchi et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013).A research topic of endless interestFirst Edison discovered the incandescent electric lightbulb, then came the rapid spread of fluorescent lighting, and finally in the near future these may be replaced by new lighting such as LED or OLED illumination. Although technological development continues to progress, there is still much we do not know about the effects on human. By investigating the connection between light and the circadian clock through basic scientific research, we hope contribute to the design of healthy lifestyles and light environments.
研究背景：如果你把地球上的卫星图像连接在一起，你就可以在光线下绘制出一幅世界地图。夜晚的照明是我们日常内心平静的必要条件。然而，最近的研究表明，明亮的夜晚可能会对我们的睡眠和生物钟产生负面影响。在我们的实验室里，我们研究光对人体的影响，以设计出健康和人类友好的光环境。
什么是生物钟?生物钟是一种内部时钟，以大脑的下丘脑为中心，它可以测量大约一天的长度。生物钟也在调整内部节律与由地球自转产生的日光周期中扮演着重要的角色。进入眼睛的光线被传送到大脑，影响了沿着路径的生物钟(图左下方的虚线)，它与亮度和颜色的感觉是分开的。在我们的研究中，我们研究了光的影响，利用了褪黑素的产生，一种只在夜间分泌的激素，被光暴露(图右)所抑制。晚上工作的人，夜班和其他工作安排打乱了昼夜节律和睡眠。虽然光线对夜间工作是必要的，但同样的光线却增加了对工人健康的风险。在我们的实验室里，我们科学地测试了夜间灯光下工作的效果，以保护工人不受负面的健康影响。在最近与日本航空航天探索局(JAXA)的联合研究中，我们对控制室里的照明进行了研究，这是一个24小时工作日程的环境。除了棒状和锥状细胞外，还有其他感光细胞!我们知道光线对生物钟的影响是通过蓝光来实现的。这是由于视网膜神经节细胞的存在，这些细胞含有一种被称为黑视素的光感受器。这些细胞是在2000年以前发现的，震惊了世界。这些感光细胞将光的信息传送到生理时钟上。在我们的实验室里，我们进行了一项研究，重点是在不同个体中，黑视素的多态遗传差异。简单地说，我们发现，如果蛋白质蓝图不同(Higuchi等人，2013年;李等人。,2013)。一个无穷无尽的研究课题，爱迪生首先发现了白炽灯，然后是荧光灯的快速普及，最后，在不久的将来，这些灯会被新的照明，如LED或OLED照明所取代。尽管技术发展仍在继续，但我们仍不知道它对人类的影响。通过对光与生物钟的联系和基础科学研究，我们希望对健康生活方式和光线环境的设计做出贡献。
