Question

求英语翻译高手进来

一、教育中存在的问题

　　1．教育系统存在物质基础危机
　　学校建筑过时和损坏的速度超过新建的速度。按照新制定的班额标准，大约有36％的学校不得不实行二部制或三部制。
　　2．“危险群体”的儿童数量持续增长
　　目前，社会孤儿的数量在增长。1995～1996学年有近85％的十一年级毕业生患有这样或那样的疾病，甚至发展成慢性病。普通教育机构患神经系统疾病的学生人数在增加，1／3的儿童存在这样或那样的问题。特别令俄罗斯人担忧的是，有些儿童由于各种原因而不能入学接受教育。
　　3．教育人员缺乏社会保障
　　4．教育上的差异日趋严重

　　二、教育发展与改革的动向

　　1．鼓励多种形式办学
　　《教育法》以法律的形式明确规定，允许创办具有各种法律组织形式的教育机构。教育机构的创办者可以是国家机关、社会团体组织、境内外公民个人。这就确立了社会、个人在办学中的主体地位、允许多种办学形式的存在，这样，俄罗斯就存在国立学校、地方学校和非国立学校(私立学校)。
　　2．建立多渠道、多形式的教育经费资助体系
　　《俄联邦教育法》规定，国家应该保证每年拨出的教育经费不得少于国民收入的10％，用于高等教育的拨款不得少于联邦教育预算支出的3％。
　　3．采取措施，保障公民和学生的教育权利
　　4．实行优惠政策，稳定教师队伍
　　具体规定：
　　(1)教育工作者的平均工资额和职务津贴应达到以下水平：高等学校教师要高出工业部门工作人员平均工资水平的一倍，中学教师不得低于工业部门工作人员平均工资水平，教辅人员应相当于工业部门同类工作人员的平均工资水平。
　　(2)教师的工作时间一周不得超过36小时。凡连续从事教育工作10年以上的教育工作者有权享受一次为期一年的带薪长假。
　　(3)学年发给教师和分管教学的学校领导人购买书刊补偿金，其数额视学校级别而定，且不必纳税。
　　(4)远离城市的乡村学校教师有权享受所在地区为农业专家提供的优惠待遇，包括有权拥有位于农村和小城镇装有暖气和照明设备的免费住房，有权优先获得居住面积等。以上虽然只是书面承诺，但已刺激师范专业近年来成为热门专业。
　　6．加强道德教育
　　教育工作的一个重要方面是培养青少年的道德品质和爱国主义精神。道德教育要建立在全人类价值观之上培养学生的责任感和对民主社会及国家利益的认同，使其形成不同民族之间、不同文化之间的容忍精神，在共同繁荣的基础上，使每一个学生成为尊重人权和自由的人，克服青年一代的精神危机。把法制教育作为加强公民教育的手段，培养学生的法律觉悟和守法习惯。

Answer 1

Ⅰthe problems in education
1. the material base crisis in educatioal system
the new bulidings don`t go around to replace the old-fashioned and defective ones. according to newly-regulated class size, about 35% scools resort to two or three shifts system. 　　　2.the ever growing of the children in risk groups
　　at present, the number of the social orphans are increasing. in the school year of 1995 to 1996 , nearly 85% students finished from eleven grade suffer from kinds of diseases, and even develop in chronic disease. more students tend to get nerve system disease in ordinary education institutions. and these problems exist in about one third of the children,. particularly the Russian worry that some childrern have no access to receive in school because of various reasons. 　
3. the lackness of social security among the teaching staff
4.the widening difference in education

Ⅱthe educational development and the reform tendency
1. encourage mutiformity in running school
　the Education Act explicitly regulates in the form of law , that the government offices , social organizations and individual citizens in Russia or abroad can be the founders and found the educational institutions in legal form,
the subject status of the society and individuals in founding is established and the mutiformity is permitted. therefore, Russia exists national schools ,local schools and private schools.　　
2 develop mutilchannel and mutilateform education funding support system
　　by the russian federal education law, the state should ensure that the allocated education fund shall not be less than 10% of the GDP， and fund for the advanced education shall not be less than 3% of the federal education budget expenditure .
3、adopt measures to protect the education rights of the citizens and students
4. practice preferential policies and stablize the teacher team
　 specific regualtions:
(1) the average income and the subsidies of the educators shall be up to the following level, according to the salary of the industrial workers, the teachers in advanced school shall be twice, those of middles schools shall not be low , and the assistant teachers shall be equal.
(2)the work time in a week of a teacher shall not be over 36hours. and the one who engages in education over 10 years has the right to enjoy a one year paid vacation.
(3)the compensation for books purchase to the teachers and the leaders charging for teaching given in a school year is set by the school level and tax free. 　　
(4)the teachers in country schools distant from cities have the right to enjoy the preferential treatment offered for the agricultural experts, which includes the poessess with the free housing equipped with heating and lighting located in country and town, and preferential to obtain the housing space. though all the above are written committment, the teaching major is spurred to be hot and popular in recent years. . 　　
6.strenghen the moral education
the important aspect of the teaching career is to cultivate the moral quality and patriotic spirit of the youth. the moral education should be based in the universal values and cultivate the sense of responsiblity of students , makes the students have a identification of the democratic society and national interests and shape the tolerent spirit of the different nations and cultures. therefore on the basis of the mutual prosperity, the education can make every students respect the human rights and freedom, overcome the spirit crisis in the younger generation. to strenghen the civil educaiton , enlighten the law awareness of the students and develop their habits to observe , the law education can be one of the means. .

Answer 2

Ⅰthe problems in education
1. the material base crisis in educatioal system
the new bulidings don`t go around to replace the old-fashioned and defective ones. according to newly-regulated class size, about 35% scools resort to two or three shifts system. 　　　2.the ever growing of the children in risk groups
　　at present, the number of the social orphans are increasing. in the school year of 1995 to 1996 , nearly 85% students finished from eleven grade suffer from kinds of diseases, and even develop in chronic disease. more students tend to get nerve system disease in ordinary education institutions. and these problems exist in about one third of the children,. particularly the Russian worry that some childrern have no access to receive in school because of various reasons. 　
3. the lackness of social security among the teaching staff
4.the widening difference in education

Ⅱthe educational development and the reform tendency
1. encourage mutiformity in running school
　the Education Act explicitly regulates in the form of law , that the government offices , social organizations and individual citizens in Russia or abroad can be the founders and found the educational institutions in legal form,
the subject status of the society and individuals in founding is established and the mutiformity is permitted. therefore, Russia exists national schools ,local schools and private schools.　　
2 develop mutilchannel and mutilateform education funding support system
　　by the russian federal education law, the state should ensure that the allocated education fund shall not be less than 10% of the GDP， and fund for the advanced education shall not be less than 3% of the federal education budget expenditure .
3、adopt measures to protect the education rights of the citizens and students
4. practice preferential policies and stablize the teacher team
　 specific regualtions:
(1) the average income and the subsidies of the educators shall be up to the following level, according to the salary of the industrial workers, the teachers in advanced school shall be twice, those of middles schools shall not be low , and the assistant teachers shall be equal.
(2)the work time in a week of a teacher shall not be over 36hours. and the one who engages in education over 10 years has the right to enjoy a one year paid vacation.
(3)the compensation for books purchase to the teachers and the leaders charging for teaching given in a school year is set by the school level and tax free. 　　
(4)the teachers in country schools distant from cities have the right to enjoy the preferential treatment offered for the agricultural experts, which includes the poessess with the free housing equipped with heating and lighting located in country and town, and preferential to obtain the housing space. though all the above are written committment, the teaching major is spurred to be hot and popular in recent years. . 　　
6.strenghen the moral education
the important aspect of the teaching career is to cultivate the moral quality and patriotic spirit of the youth. the moral education should be based in the universal values and cultivate the sense of responsiblity of students , makes the students have a identification of the democratic society and national interests and shape the tolerent spirit of the different nations and cultures. therefore on the basis of the mutual prosperity, the education can make every students respect the human rights and freedom, overcome the spirit crisis in the younger generation. to strenghen the civil educaiton , enlighten the law awareness of the students and develop their habits to observe , the law education can be one of the means. .

Answer 3

Ⅰthe problems in education
1. the material base crisis in educatioal system
the new bulidings don`t go around to replace the old-fashioned and defective ones. according to newly-regulated class size, about 35% scools resort to two or three shifts system. 　　　2.the ever growing of the children in risk groups
　　at present, the number of the social orphans are increasing. in the school year of 1995 to 1996 , nearly 85% students finished from eleven grade suffer from kinds of diseases, and even develop in chronic disease. more students tend to get nerve system disease in ordinary education institutions. and these problems exist in about one third of the children,. particularly the Russian worry that some childrern have no access to receive in school because of various reasons. 　
3. the lackness of social security among the teaching staff
4.the widening difference in education

Ⅱthe educational development and the reform tendency
1. encourage mutiformity in running school
　the Education Act explicitly regulates in the form of law , that the government offices , social organizations and individual citizens in Russia or abroad can be the founders and found the educational institutions in legal form,
the subject status of the society and individuals in founding is established and the mutiformity is permitted. therefore, Russia exists national schools ,local schools and private schools.　　
2 develop mutilchannel and mutilateform education funding support system
　　by the russian federal education law, the state should ensure that the allocated education fund shall not be less than 10% of the GDP， and fund for the advanced education shall not be less than 3% of the federal education budget expenditure .
3、adopt measures to protect the education rights of the citizens and students
4. practice preferential policies and stablize the teacher team
　 specific regualtions:
(1) the average income and the subsidies of the educators shall be up to the following level, according to the salary of the industrial workers, the teachers in advanced school shall be twice, those of middles schools shall not be low , and the assistant teachers shall be equal.
(2)the work time in a week of a teacher shall not be over 36hours. and the one who engages in education over 10 years has the right to enjoy a one year paid vacation.
(3)the compensation for books purchase to the teachers and the leaders charging for teaching given in a school year is set by the school level and tax free. 　　
(4)the teachers in country schools distant from cities have the right to enjoy the preferential treatment offered for the agricultural experts, which includes the poessess with the free housing equipped with heating and lighting located in country and town, and preferential to obtain the housing space. though all the above are written committment, the teaching major is spurred to be hot and popular in recent years. . 　　
6.strenghen the moral education
the important aspect of the teaching career is to cultivate the moral quality and patriotic spirit of the youth. the moral education should be based in the universal values and cultivate the sense of responsiblity of students , makes the students have a identification of the democratic society and national interests and shape the tolerent spirit of the different nations and cultures. therefore on the basis of the mutual prosperity, the education can make every students respect the human rights and freedom, overcome the spirit crisis in the younger generation. to strenghen the civil educaiton , enlighten the law awareness of the students and develop their habits to observe , the law education can be one of the means. .
希望采纳！