Question

建筑专业英语翻译

One of the most challenging tasks facing civil engi-neers in recent decades has been tackling overwhelming earthquake phenomena, which causes heavy casualties. The traditional technique used to mitigate these casual-ties involves designing seismic-resistant buildings strong enough to withstand such destructive forces. As an al-ternative, many researchers have recently investigated and improved energy dissipation controllers, such as passive and active dampers, to improve the seismic be-havior of structures. Many engineers have devoted their efforts to the development of strategies and numerical studies of structural control systems, including active and passive control devices for buildings subjected to seismic forces. These investigations basically target the reduction of the seismic responses of structures against dynamic loads like earthquake, wind, or blast.

Implementation of actuators as active vibration con-trol devices is thoroughly proven to enhance structures’ imperfect seismic response, preventing loss of life and structural damages. Saleh and Adeli (1998b, 1994, 1996) advanced the idea of parallel algorithms associated with an integrated structural control system. Performance of these parallel algorithms was accelerated by combining vector computations and multitasking approaches.

Vibration control in smart structures (also known as adaptive structures) equipped with active vibration con-trol has been studied by Adeli and Saleh (1997) and Saleh and Adeli (1998a), using parallel algorithms to solve the Riccati equation. Advances in digital control and sensor techniques have helped to make the grow-ing control algorithms more reliable. Adeli (1999), Lin et al. (2006), and Chen and Liu (2010) proposed mon-itoring the behavior of a structure under seismic load using actuators and sensors together to synchronize and subsequently control the optimum output force of the actuators.

Answer 1

One of the most challenging tasks facing civil engi-neers in recent decades has been tackling overwhelming earthquake phenomena, which causes heavy casualties. The traditional technique used to mitigate these casual-ties involves designing seismic-resistant buildings strong enough to withstand such destructive forces. As an al-ternative, many researchers have recently investigated and improved energy dissipation controllers, such as passive and active dampers, to improve the seismic be-havior of structures. Many engineers have devoted their efforts to the development of strategies and numerical studies of structural control systems, including active and passive control devices for buildings subjected to seismic forces. These investigations basically target the reduction of the seismic responses of structures against dynamic loads like earthquake, wind, or blast.

Implementation of actuators as active vibration con-trol devices is thoroughly proven to enhance structures’ imperfect seismic response, preventing loss of life and structural damages. Saleh and Adeli (1998b, 1994, 1996) advanced the idea of parallel algorithms associated with an integrated structural control system. Performance of these parallel algorithms was accelerated by combining vector computations and multitasking approaches.

Vibration control in smart structures (also known as adaptive structures) equipped with active vibration con-trol has been studied by Adeli and Saleh (1997) and Saleh and Adeli (1998a), using parallel algorithms to solve the Riccati equation. Advances in digital control and sensor techniques have helped to make the grow-ing control algorithms more reliable. Adeli (1999), Lin et al. (2006), and Chen and Liu (2010) proposed mon-itoring the behavior of a structure under seismic load using actuators and sensors together to synchronize and subsequently control the optimum output force of the actuators.

近几十年来，土木工程师面临的最具挑战性的任务之一是解决压倒性的地震现象，造成大量伤亡。用于减轻这些偶然性的传统技术涉及设计足够坚固的耐震建筑以抵抗这种破坏力。作为替代，许多研究人员最近已经研究并改进了能量耗散控制器，例如被动和主动阻尼器，以改善结构的地震行为。许多工程师致力于开发结构控制系统的策略和数值研究，包括受到地震力的建筑物的主动和被动控制装置。这些调查主要针对结构对抗地震，风或爆炸等动态载荷的地震响应的减少。

执行器作为主动振动控制装置的应用被完全证明可以增强结构的不完美的地震响应，防止寿命损失和结构损坏。 Saleh和Adeli（1998b，1994，1996）提出了与集成结构控制系统相关的并行算法的想法。通过组合向量计算和多任务处理方法，加速了这些并行算法的性能。

Adeli和Saleh（1997）和Saleh和Adeli（1998a）使用并行算法来解决Riccati方程，研究了配备有主动振动控制的智能结构（也称为自适应结构）中的振动控制。数字控制和传感器技术的进步有助于使成长控制算法更可靠。 Adeli（1999），Lin et al。 （2006），Chen和Liu（2010）提出了利用致动器和传感器一起监测地震荷载下结构的行为，以同步并随后控制致动器的最佳输出力。

Answer 2

近几十年来民间工程师面临的最具挑战性的任务之一一直都是如何应对会造成重大人员伤亡的地震现象。传统技术用加强房子的抗震系数的方式来减轻地震灾难的损失以及防御灾难的破坏性。作为另外一种方式，许多研究人员进来在研究和改进的能量损耗控制系统，比如像被动和主动阻尼器，以此来改善结构在地震中的反应。许多工程师致力于研讨发展策略和结构控制系统的数据研究，包括建筑物在地震中受力相关的主动和被动控制设备。这些调查研究主要目标是在于减少建筑结构在地震中的反应以及面对动态载荷是的反应，如地震、风或爆炸。

像主动振动控制设备这样的执行器的实现，完全可以证明了结构的不足在改善后在地震中的应对反应，防止了人员伤亡和结构的破坏。萨利赫和埃德里(1998 b、1998、1994)先前就提出过关于并行算法与集成结构控制系统的想法。这些并行算法的功效通过结合向量计算和多任务处理的方法得到了提升。

配备了主动振动控制系统的智能结构中的振动控制结构(也称为适应性结构)，是由埃德里（1998）和萨利赫(1997)研究得出的，使用了并行算法求解了黎卡提微分方程。数字控制和传感器技术的进步使得控制算法变得越来越可靠。埃德里(1999)、林恩特(2006)、以及陈和刘(2010)提出了利用作动器和传感器一起同步监测在地震荷载作用下的结构表现，以及下一步的控制致动器的最佳输出力。

Answer 3

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