Question

英语翻译大神来！高悬赏！

Our expanding knowledge about cultural differences in the concept of intelligence has had important ramifications for our theoretical understanding of intelligence in mainstream American psychology as well. Although traditional thinking and reasoning abilities have dominated views of intelligence in the past, in recent years psychologists have begun to turn their attention to other possible aspects of intelligence. Until very recently, for example, creativity was not considered a part of intelligence; now, however, psychologists are increasingly considering this important human ability as a type of intelligence. Other aspects of intelligence are also coming to the forefront. A psychologist has suggested that there are really seven different types of intelligence: logical mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. According to this scheme, not only do the core components of each of these seven types of intelligence differ, but so do some sample end-states (such as mathematician versus dancer). His theory of multiple intelligences has broadened our understanding of intelligence to include other areas besides “book smarts”.

[8] Perhaps the field is coming to realize that intelligence in its broadest sense may be more aptly defined as “the skills and abilities necessary to effectively accomplish cultural goals”. If your culture’s goals, for example, involve successfully pursuing a professional occupation with a good salary in order to support yourself and your family, that culture will foster a view of intelligence that incorporates cognitive and emotional skills and abilities that allow for pursuing such an occupation. Those skills and abilities may include deductive reasoning, logical thought, verbal and mathematical skills – the sorts of skills that are fostered in contemporary American culture. If your culture’s goals, however, focus more on the development and maintenance of successful interpersonal relationships, working with nature, or hunting and gathering, intelligence will more aptly be viewed as the skills and abilities related to such activities.

Answer 1

我们对智力概念中关于文化差异的知识的扩大对我们理解美国主流心理学中的智力有重要的影响。虽然过去的传统思维和推理能力支配了人们对智力的看法，但近年来心理学家开始将注意力转向智力的其他合理方面。例如，直到最近，创造力并没有被认为是智力的一部分，现在，心理学家们越来越多地把这种重要的人类能力视为一种智力。智力的其他方面也走到了前列。一位心理学家认为，有七种不同类型的智能：数理逻辑、语言、音乐、空间、身体运动、人际、内省。根据这种说法，不仅这七种类型的智力的核心组成部分有所不同，某种样品的结束状态（如数学家与舞者）也有所不同。他的多元智能理论拓宽了我们对“书本智慧''之外其他领域”的理解
【8】也许该领域正在使人们认识到，在其最广泛的意义上的智力可能更贴切地定义为“有效地实现文化目标所必需的技能和能力”。如果你的文化的目标，例如，你有追求成功的职业以不错的薪水养活自己和家人，文化会促进智力观包含认知和情感技能和能力，让你追求这样一种职业。这些技能和能力可能包括演绎推理，逻辑思维，口头和数学技能-即在当代美国文化培育的技能种类。然而，如果你的文化目标更多地集中在成功的人际关系的发展和维护，与自然和谐的工作，或狩猎和采集上，智能将被更恰当地视为是与这些活动有关的技能和能力。