Question

直接引语和间接引语的转换方法

Answer 1

直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。

当直接引语是陈述句时

直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如：

She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”

→She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.

当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时

1、原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if 转述;原句若为选择疑问句时，用whether…or…/…or not;原句若为反意疑问句，则常用whether或if 转述。

2、疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。

3、主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked;没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语(如me，him等)。

4、句末用句号。

5、从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。

He said, “Are you interested in English?”

→He asked (me) if /whether I was interested in English.

I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

“You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.

→She asked (me) whether/if I had already got well.

当直接引语是特殊疑问句时

如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导，其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况2—5条一样。例如：

“What is your name?” he asked me.

→He asked me what my name was.

He asked: “Where are you to get off, Peter?”

→He asked Peter where he was to get off.

如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。例如：

“Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class?” asked the boy’s father.

→The boy’s father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.

当直接引语是祈使句时

直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构“主语+asked/advised sb. (not) to do sth.”。

1、需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。

2、原主句谓语动词said须改为asked，told，ordered，warned或advised等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词。

3、原句有“please”时，主句谓语多用asked(请求)，并去掉please。例如：

He said to me, “Shut the window, please.”

→He asked me to shut the window.

He said, “Don’t make so much noise.”

→He told us not to make so much noise.

如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用“suggest + that从句”或“suggest doing”来转述。例如：

“Let’s go to the cinema.” Tom said.

→Tom suggested that they (should) go to the cinema.

→Tom suggested going to the cinema.

直接引语是感叹句时

直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或how引导，词序不变，也可用that引导，将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：

She said, “What a lovely day it is!”

→She said what a lovely day it was.

→She said that it was a lovely day.