Question

非谓语动词中动名词和现在分词的区别

Answer 1

动名词（gerund）和现在分词（present participle）的区别
所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.
而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语
所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定时gerund.
当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是present participle.
它们有可能被弄错的是作表语和定语时.其实也很好区分
1.作表语:我们知道,名词和形容词都可以作表语.
This is water(n.).
It is transparent(adj).
这时你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表语相当于n.它就是gerund.反之相当于adj.时它就是present.participle.
The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring.
One of the best exercises is swimming.
2.作定语时的区别我在回答中已经解释了.动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.
a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleeping
a sleeping child = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作)
(呵呵下面再请你告诉我它们分别是什么吧!
a swimming girl
a swimming pool
3.最后来解释修饰他们到底该用是adv,还是adj.
无论是Present participle.还是gerund,它们都叫做动词的-ing形式(所以若有人分不清它们时,多把它们混为一谈).也就是说它们都有动词的特点,故而都可用adv修饰.
eg:Reading a novel intently,I didn’t realize he came in.(reading,现分作状语,用adv intently修饰)
eg:My dream is speaking English perfectly.(speaking动名词,副词perfectly修饰.)
但gerund不仅有动词的特点,它也有名词的特点,这就决定了它也可以像名词一样用物主代词,形容词来修饰.
Would you mind my(物主代词) sitting here?
The mellow(愉快的,形容词) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.