英语语法五大基本句型
英语语法五大基本句型 篇1
一There be 句型
1、解释:“……地方有……”;
2、结构:
There be + 主语 + 地点状语
eg:There are some apples on the table.
3、考点:主谓一致
(1)be 后名词是单数名词或不可数名词,be 用 is 或者 was;后接可数名词复数则用 are 或were。
eg:
There is an apple in the fridge.
There is some milk in the fridge.
There isn’t any / is no money in the box.
There are many girls in the room.
(2)如果 be 后面是几个并列名词作主语,be 的单复数和最靠近的名词保持一致——就近原则。
eg:
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
There are two pencils and a book on the desk.
二主系表
1、结构:主语+系动词+表语
eg:
He is good.
He is a good student.
2、系动词:
必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫系动词。
常见系动词:
(1)be 动词——is/am/are/was/were
(2)感官动词——feel/look/sound/taste/smell
(3)表转变动词——get/grow/become/go
eg:
感官动词主系表——It looks perfect. 它看上去真完美。
表转变动词主系表——The sky grew dark./ It became dirty.
3、考点:系动词后面跟形容词
eg:
He looks at her happily.(happily 修饰 look at,look at 解释为看着,look 是实义动词)
He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物,这里没有跟介词,单独行动,翻译/为“看上去”,是系动词,后跟形容词。)
三主谓宾
1、结构:主语+谓语+宾语
主语:动作发出者;
谓语:动作本身(实义动词);
宾语:动作承受者
eg:I walk a bear. 我溜一只熊。
四主谓宾宾
结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
双宾语:直接宾语(物);间接宾语(人)——物直人间
eg:
I give him the book.
I give the book to him.
谓语后跟间接宾语时,直接宾语前不需要介词;谓语后跟直接宾语时,间接宾语前加介词 to/for。
五主谓宾宾补
结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
宾补:一个宾语不能完整表达出意思,需要加一个补充成分来补足宾语使句意完整。
eg:
He made me happy.
I keep the room tidy.
My mother saw me doing housework.
六能力检测走起
一星题
There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table .
A. are, many B. are , much
C. is ,many D. is ,much
2. How many ___ are there in the room ?
A. apple B. students
C. milk D. paper
3. There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.
A. is a B. are some
C. has a D. have some
4. Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.
A. made a cake to me B. made a cake me
C. made for me a cake D. made me a cake
5. -Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?
-Oh, that _______ good.
A. feels B.looks
C smells D.sounds
两星题
1. There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
2. Roses in bloom smell ____.
A. sweetly B. sweet
C. sweeten D. sweetness
翻译:(如有单词提示,请用提示单词)
1. 我昨晚看见爸爸在工作。(并写出句型)
2. 他变得很生气。(get)(并写出句型)
3. 我给妈妈买了一本书。(通过变换宾语位置翻译出两句句子,并写出句型)
三星题
1. - Is this the last exam we have to take ? - No, but there ____ another test three months later from now.
A. will be going to B. is
C. will be D. has been
2. There ______ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years.
A. is B. are
C. will be D. have been
3. There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. has D. is going to have
4. Canned food does not go ____.
A. bad easily B. badly easy `
C. bad easy D. badly easily
5..I will make your dream ____.
A. comes true B. to come true
C. coming truly D. come true
英语语法五大基本句型 篇2
一、句型1——主语+谓语
我们知道,一个句子是为了说明一件事(或表达一种感情),最简单的表达方式,就是“谁,怎么样了”。这里的'“谁”,就是句子的主语,它的内涵很丰富,可以是人、物、某种行为等。“怎么样了”,就是句子的谓语,由动词充当。主语+谓语,即构成一个最简单的句子。举一些简单的例子:
I dance.
She died.
we agree.
……
二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语
句型2在句型1的基础上多了一个宾语,宾语是什么呢?还是从句子表达事情的角度看,可以理解为“谁,对谁怎么样了”。宾语,就是主语借助一个动作(谓语)作用的一个对象。还是举一些简单的例子:
I hate him.
I love you.
I dance with her.(注意,为什么这里多了一个with,学过动词那一节的同学肯定知道哦~)
……
三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这个句型里,我们发现谓语后面跟了两个宾语,直接宾语,就是谓语动词直接作用的对象,而间接宾语,是指谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象,再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。
如,I give him a book.(“给”,这个动作,最终作用的对象是“书”,但需要先通过“他”,把“给”这个动作传递到书)
注意,如果理解不了这种句型,关系并不大,只有很少一些动词需要通过接两个宾语的方式来表达完整的意思,记住这些动词就行了。
四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
相对于句型2,这种句型中又多了一个宾语补足语,“补足”意思就是补充说明,所以宾语补足语的作用,就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。
I want you to go with me.(我要你,要你干什么呢?to go with me,即要你跟我一些走,这个部分就是宾语补足语。)
注意,在这种句型中,补足语可能不是一个具体的单词。
五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语
还记得系动词吗?我们在动词那一节也讲过哦,这里就不复习了。这个句型,就是在讲如何使用系动词。表语,就是跟在系动词后面的成分的一个统称,不用过分在意它是什么意思。感官类系动词,其后一般接形容词;be动词后一般接名词(或不定式等)。同样举一些最简单的例子:
It smells good.
She is a teacher.