现在完成时结构
扩展资料
具体用法:
(1)表示动作发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果,而这种影响或者结果往往是说话人的`兴趣所在。
常用的状语有already, yet, not? yet, now, just, by this time等。
例:
The bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。
Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。
(2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。
与表示一段时间的状语连用,如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。
例:
We have lived here for two years. 我们在这里住了两年了。
注意:瞬间动词与延续动词
1 .瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词,还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态, 但不可以接一段时间,若要接一段时间,须要做一些相应帆让的变换。
2. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。
常见的瞬间动词:
(1) 来(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、离(leave)、看(see)、听(说)hear
(2) 买(buy)、卖(sell)、开(open)、关(close)、起床(get up)
(3) 参加(join/take part in)、开发(begin/start)、还(return/give)(与)借(borrow/lend)
(4) 变成(become/turn)、带(bring/take)、给(give)、死(die)、完(finish/end)、接(receive/hear from)
瞬间动词接一段时间:
⑴.将时间状语扮轿悉改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般厅乎过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
常见瞬间动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系:
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at
open-----be open
die------be dead
close----be closed
become---be
borrow---keep
begin/start-----be on
put on----wear
leave-----be away (from)
fall asleep----be asleep
end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold
join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
例:
They borrowed the book two weeks ago.他们两个星期前借的这本书。
→ They have kept the book for two weeks.
A month has passed since he left home. 他离开家已经一个月了。
→ He has been away from home for a month.
注意:以下表示法的含义及用法
have been (to): 去过或到过(某地)(表示某人过去的经历)
have gone (to):去(某地)了 (现在可能已在某地)
have come (to):来(某地)了 (现在可能已在某地)
have been in? +一段时间: 已在某地一段时间了
例:
He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。
He has gong to Hangzhou, so he can’t help us. 他去杭州了,所以他不可能帮助我们。
He has come to our city. Let’s go to visit him. 他已经到我们城市来了,我们去拜访他吧。
She has been in London for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。