Question

概要写作技巧

Answer 1

概要写作技巧：删除细节、避免重复、删除具体例子、使用概括性的名词代替具体的词、把长段的描述变成简单的句子、压缩长的句子、掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架、其他技巧。

1、删除细节。

只保留主要观点。

2、避免重复。

在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在概要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

3、删除具体例子。

阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子(即一两个主要节日)。

4、使用概括性的名词代替具体的词。

比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”

可以概括为：“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”

5、把长段的描述变成简单的句子。

如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么只要把它们变成一两句即可。

6、压缩长的句子。

“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”

可以概括为：“He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”“He was in financial difficulties.”

7、掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。

记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how.

议论文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons).

说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant).

新闻：a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs.

8、其他技巧。

可以使用词组代替整句或者从句；把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。