
初中英语的问题
Theholefamilyiswaitingforyouattheairport.为什么不用"are"而用“is"?顺便解释下如何分辨thefamily这类短语代表的意思...
The hole family is waiting for you at the airport.为什么不用"are"而用“is"?顺便解释下如何分辨the family这类短语代表的意思是一个集体,还是指家庭中的成员。
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集合名词,也叫集体名词,是英语中表示某一群人或某一类物的集合体。集合名词的难点,主要在于其作主语时的主谓一致问题。
��汉语谓语动词因为没有单复数之分,所以我国学生在学习英语的集合名词时,常常为谓语动词的单复数问题大伤脑筋。笔者结合自己的教学经验,查阅了大量资料,总结出几条规律,以飨读者。
��一、某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时,若作主语,则谓语可用单数/复数。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定,若强调许多个体,谓语用复数;若强调一个整体,则用单数。其为复数时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。注意:此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。如army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);等。常见的此类集合名词有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom ,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民), union,university等。
��1.The staff is/are hardworking.
��2.The audience were moved to tears.
��3.The lecturer draws large audiences.
��4.The whole school was punished.
��5.The class consists of 40 students.
��6.This class are diligent.
��7.The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it.
��8.One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian.
��二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,作主语时,谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教职工), herd,mankind,military,militia(民团、民兵), people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(猪),vermin,womankind等。
��9.There are three people waving at us.
��10.The police haven’t arrived yet.
��11.There are verm in here.
��12.Some people are never satisfied.
��13.The police/military have surrounded the building.
�
��【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如: There are 56 peoples in China.
��三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(资产阶级),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知识分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(无产阶级),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。
��14.The youth today is /are better off than we used to be.
��15.Her offspring is /are like her in every respect.
��16.The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman.
��【注】youth除了作集合名词以外,还可以作可数和不可数名词。如:
��Youth is the tim e for action;age is the tim e for repose.
��Som e youths don’t like jazz.
��四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用,其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Krem lin, Liverpool,Macm illan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂冈),White House等。 转贴于 考试大 http://www.examda.com
17.Arsenal is /are playing well in this season.
��18.Macmillan have /has made a good profit this year.
��19.The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican.
��20.The Netherlands has /have a monarchy.
��21.The BBC is showing the program on Saturday.
��22.Liverpool is leading 1—0.
��23.Liverpool are attacking again.
��五、某些无生命的集合名词(表示物)作主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有:aircraft,baggage, clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(树叶),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。
��24.All the furniture in my room is new.
��25.The merchandize has arrived undamaged.
��26.There is not much vegetation in deserts.
��27.The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped.
��28.Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.
��29.The machinery is driven by electrici-ty.
��汉语谓语动词因为没有单复数之分,所以我国学生在学习英语的集合名词时,常常为谓语动词的单复数问题大伤脑筋。笔者结合自己的教学经验,查阅了大量资料,总结出几条规律,以飨读者。
��一、某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时,若作主语,则谓语可用单数/复数。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定,若强调许多个体,谓语用复数;若强调一个整体,则用单数。其为复数时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。注意:此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。如army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);等。常见的此类集合名词有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom ,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民), union,university等。
��1.The staff is/are hardworking.
��2.The audience were moved to tears.
��3.The lecturer draws large audiences.
��4.The whole school was punished.
��5.The class consists of 40 students.
��6.This class are diligent.
��7.The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it.
��8.One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian.
��二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,作主语时,谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教职工), herd,mankind,military,militia(民团、民兵), people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(猪),vermin,womankind等。
��9.There are three people waving at us.
��10.The police haven’t arrived yet.
��11.There are verm in here.
��12.Some people are never satisfied.
��13.The police/military have surrounded the building.
�
��【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如: There are 56 peoples in China.
��三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(资产阶级),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知识分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(无产阶级),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。
��14.The youth today is /are better off than we used to be.
��15.Her offspring is /are like her in every respect.
��16.The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman.
��【注】youth除了作集合名词以外,还可以作可数和不可数名词。如:
��Youth is the tim e for action;age is the tim e for repose.
��Som e youths don’t like jazz.
��四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用,其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Krem lin, Liverpool,Macm illan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂冈),White House等。 转贴于 考试大 http://www.examda.com
17.Arsenal is /are playing well in this season.
��18.Macmillan have /has made a good profit this year.
��19.The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican.
��20.The Netherlands has /have a monarchy.
��21.The BBC is showing the program on Saturday.
��22.Liverpool is leading 1—0.
��23.Liverpool are attacking again.
��五、某些无生命的集合名词(表示物)作主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有:aircraft,baggage, clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(树叶),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。
��24.All the furniture in my room is new.
��25.The merchandize has arrived undamaged.
��26.There is not much vegetation in deserts.
��27.The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped.
��28.Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.
��29.The machinery is driven by electrici-ty.
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这里强调的是家庭的整体,所以谓语用单数,具体分析如下:
集体名词表示一群人或一类东西的集合体,如audience(听众,观众),committee(委员会),family(家庭),nation(国家),cattle (牛,牲口),police(警察),foliage(叶子),furniture(家具),machin-ery(机器)等。集体名词有的有复数形式并可计数,如a commit-tee,two committees。但也有许多集体名词没有复数形式,不可以计数。例如不可以说* a furniture,* two furniture,也不可以说* a police,* two police。如果要把police,furniture这类的集体名词分成个体,只能说a policeman,two policemen,a piece of furniture,two pieces/artieles of furniture等。
集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题依不同的集体名词而定。可分为下面三种情况:第一,有些集体名词,如police,people,cattle,militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害虫)等,通常作复数。例如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
英国警察权力范围极其有限。
Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef and hide.
畜牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮张。
The militia were called out to guard the borderland.
召集民兵保卫边疆。
Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.
臭虫和老鼠那样的害虫难以灭绝。
第二,也有一些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment(设备),furniture,merchandise(商品)等,作单数。例如:
The furniture in the room has been made to order.
室内的家具是定做的。
All necessary machinery has been brought to the construction site.
所有必要的机器都已运到工地。
第三类集体名词,如audience,committee,class(班级),crew(全体船员),family,government,public(公众)等,既可作单数,也可作复数。如将集体视为一个整体,动词用单数:
The football team is being reorganized.足球队正在重新组建。
The government has done its best to boost production.
政府已作最大努力来促进生产。
The audience was enormous.听者人数众多。
如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上,动词用复数:
The team are having baths and are then coming back here for tea.
队员们正在洗澡,随后即将回到这里喝茶。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
政府要求全国投票表决。
The audience are listening to a Beethoven symphony.
听众们正在听贝多芬交响曲。
集体名词表示一群人或一类东西的集合体,如audience(听众,观众),committee(委员会),family(家庭),nation(国家),cattle (牛,牲口),police(警察),foliage(叶子),furniture(家具),machin-ery(机器)等。集体名词有的有复数形式并可计数,如a commit-tee,two committees。但也有许多集体名词没有复数形式,不可以计数。例如不可以说* a furniture,* two furniture,也不可以说* a police,* two police。如果要把police,furniture这类的集体名词分成个体,只能说a policeman,two policemen,a piece of furniture,two pieces/artieles of furniture等。
集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题依不同的集体名词而定。可分为下面三种情况:第一,有些集体名词,如police,people,cattle,militia(民兵),poultry(家禽),vermin(害虫)等,通常作复数。例如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
英国警察权力范围极其有限。
Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef and hide.
畜牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮张。
The militia were called out to guard the borderland.
召集民兵保卫边疆。
Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.
臭虫和老鼠那样的害虫难以灭绝。
第二,也有一些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment(设备),furniture,merchandise(商品)等,作单数。例如:
The furniture in the room has been made to order.
室内的家具是定做的。
All necessary machinery has been brought to the construction site.
所有必要的机器都已运到工地。
第三类集体名词,如audience,committee,class(班级),crew(全体船员),family,government,public(公众)等,既可作单数,也可作复数。如将集体视为一个整体,动词用单数:
The football team is being reorganized.足球队正在重新组建。
The government has done its best to boost production.
政府已作最大努力来促进生产。
The audience was enormous.听者人数众多。
如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上,动词用复数:
The team are having baths and are then coming back here for tea.
队员们正在洗澡,随后即将回到这里喝茶。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
政府要求全国投票表决。
The audience are listening to a Beethoven symphony.
听众们正在听贝多芬交响曲。
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你的答案有点问题吧,第一题what
to
do
,
what
I
can
do
to
。意思为我真的不知道去做什么。别担心,我将尽我所能去帮助你。前面的是特殊疑问词加动词不定式结构。后面的一空的to
表示目的!
第二题是news
的用法。它的意思是消息,为不可数名词。表示一条消息只能说
a
piece
of
news
.
一条好消息就是a
piece
of
good
news
一些消息就是some
piece
of
news
to
do
,
what
I
can
do
to
。意思为我真的不知道去做什么。别担心,我将尽我所能去帮助你。前面的是特殊疑问词加动词不定式结构。后面的一空的to
表示目的!
第二题是news
的用法。它的意思是消息,为不可数名词。表示一条消息只能说
a
piece
of
news
.
一条好消息就是a
piece
of
good
news
一些消息就是some
piece
of
news
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hole拼错了,应该是whole,前者是洞穴的意思,后者是整个的意思。
因为whole family作为一个整体,所以用单数is
方法:看那个核心词,通俗说就是被修饰的词
the whole family中,family就是那个核心词
当这个词是单数时,谓语用单数;复数时用复数。
因为whole family作为一个整体,所以用单数is
方法:看那个核心词,通俗说就是被修饰的词
the whole family中,family就是那个核心词
当这个词是单数时,谓语用单数;复数时用复数。
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如果你想表达一个家庭就用IS
如果想强调家庭里的成员就用ARE
如果想强调家庭里的成员就用ARE
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