Question

怎么区分动词的过去式和过去分词？

Answer 1

一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 -ed。

worked spelled linked

answered obeyed wanted

以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 -d。

moved hoped divided

闭音节的单音节词，或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ed。

stopped regretted dropped

另外，还有一些不规则变化的单词，需要我们记住：

（1）原形、过去式、过去分词相同：

cast/ cost/ cut/ hit/ hurt/ let/ put/ broadcast/

burst/ read/ red/ set/ shut/ spread/ thrust/ upset

（2）原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：

beat/ beat/ beaten

（3）原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：

come/ came/ come become/ became/ become

run/ ran/ run overcome/ overcame/ overcome

（4）原形不同，过去式，过去分词相同：

feel/ felt/ felt sleep/ slept/ slept

leave/ left/ left smell/ smelt/ smelt

keep/ kept/ kept creep/ crept/ crept

kneel/ knelt/ knelt sweep/ swept/ swept

spell/ spelt/ spelt weep/ wept/ wept

catch/ caught/ caught fight/ fought/ fought

teach/ taught/ taught think/ thought/ thought

stand/ stood/ stood lay/ laid/ laid

understand/ understood/ understood pay/ paid/ paid

bleed/ bled/ bled say/ said/ said

feed/ fed/ fed stick/ stuck/ stuck

lead/ led/ led strike/ struck/ struck

meet/ met/ met tell/ told/ told

learn/ learnt/ learnt sell/ sold/ sold

learned/ learned win/ won/ won

burn/ burnt/ burnt wind/ wound/ wound

burned/ burned have（has）/ had/ had

deal/ dealt/ dealt hear/ heard/ heard

mean/ meant/ meant lean/ leant/ leant

dream/ dreamt/ dreamt leaned/ leaned

bend/ bent/ bent shine/ shone/ shone

build/ built/ built shoot/ shot/ shot

lend/ lent/ lent show/ showed/ shown

spend/ spent/ spent / showed

flee/ fled/ fled sit/ sat/ sat

speed/ sped/ sped lose/ lost/ lost

/ speeded/ speeded dig/ dug/ dug

spit/ spit/ spit hold/ held/ held

/ spat/ spat get/ got/ got（AmE gotten）

bring/ brought/ brought find/ found/ found

buy/ bought/ bought make/ made/ made

light/ lit/ lit

/ lighted/ lighted

（5）三者均不同：

drive/ drove/ driven blow/ blew/ blown

rise/ rose/ risen fly/ flew/ flown

wake woke/ woken grow/ grew/ grown

do/ did/ done know/ knew/ known

go/ went/ gone throw/ threw/ thrown

see/ saw/ seen prove/ proved/ proven

eat/ ate/ eaten break/ broke/ broken

fall/ fell/ fallen choose/ chose/ chosen

give，gave given freeze/ froze/ frozen

shake/ shook/ shaken speak/ spoke/ spoken

take/ took/ taken steal/ stole/ stolen

mistake/ mistook/ mistaken weave/ wove/ woven

forbid/ forbad/ forbidden forget/ forgot/ forgotten

begin/ began/ begun hide/ hid/ hidden

drink/ drank/ drunk ride/ rode/ ridden

ring/ rang/ rung swim/ swam/ swum

sing/ sang/ sung write/ wrote/ written

sink/ sank/ sunk wear/ wore/ worn

（6）相同动词因其过去式、过去分词有两形式而产生不同词义：

speed过去式、过去分词有两种：

sped/ sped 快行 speeded/ speeded加速

light过去式，过去分词有两种：

lit/ lit 点着（表语） lighted/ lighted 供电，点燃的（定语）

shine过去式、过去分词有两种：

shone/ shone/ 照耀 shined/ shined擦亮

hang过去式、过去分词有两种：

hung/ hung 悬挂 hanged/ hanged绞死

（7）drunken，stricken，sunken已转为形容词常作定语

a～ sot酒鬼 in a～manner摇摇晃晃地

（8）lie躺卧lay/ lain/ lying（现在分词）

lie 撒谎 lied/ lied/ lying

lay 放，下蛋laid/ laid/ laying

（9）come，become，overcome属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed

（10）fly，blow不是规则变化，但flow（流）是规则变化，过去式、过去分词为flowed，flowed.

（11） find发现 found found

found 创建 founded founded

wind 绕 wound wound

wound 伤害 wounded wounded

see 看见 saw seen

saw 锯 sawed sawed

bear 作“出生”， 过去分词有两种：born，borne，

borne 用于have之后及带有by的被动句中；

born用于be born in/ on/ at中。