Question

英语中的分词？解释一下…还有用法说明

Answer 1

分词是动词的非谓语形式的一种。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面的含义有较大差别。现在分词表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。及物的分词有主动和被动式；不及物的分词有进行、完成式。
分词在句中一般作宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
1.作宾语补足语
常跟分词作宾补的动词有：feel, find, make, see, hear, leave, keep, notice, get, have, watch等。如：
When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
[注意] feel, see, notice, watch, hear等感官动词后既可跟现在分词，也可跟省略to的不定式作复合宾语。现在分词侧重说明动作正在发生；不定式说明动作的全过程。
2.作定语
分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。如：
The people working with him treated him as their friend.
This is a pressing problem.
3.作状语
（1）表示时间，往往位于句首。分词前可加when或while。如：
Having finished his homework, he watched TV.
（2）表示原因，可位于句首，也可位于句中。
Being ill, he couldn’t go to work.
（3）表示条件，一般放在句首。
Given proper care, the plant might grow well.
（4）表示让步，一般放在句首，常与although /though, while, even if等词连用。
While respected, Dr. Smith is not liked.
（5）表示结果，一般放在句末，前面可加so, thereby, thus等副词。
He locked the door, thus making sure no one would interrupt him.
（6）表示伴随情况方式，一般放在句末，也可置于句首或句中。
I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.
4.分词的独立结构
一般情况下，分词作状语时，逻辑主语与谓语的主语一致，但有时它有自己独立的主语，且放在分词短语的前面，这种结构就叫分词的独立结构。如：
It being cold, she stayed in bed and watched TV that night.
[注意]1．省略了分词being的独立结构。如：
Bedell lay down in an old box filled with hay, his rifle and crutches (being) beside him.
2．介词with和without引导的独立结构。如：
They sat there silently, with their eyes fixed on the lake.
3．有的分词在句中没有逻辑上的主语，可以独立存在，作插入语。
Generally speaking, the more bags the ladies carry the better organized they are to cope with life on the streets.

Answer 2

分词分为现在分词和过去分词，除和助动词一起构成时态外，还可以是非谓语动词。现在分词的形式：动词原形加词尾-ing构成。过去分词的形式：动词原形加词尾-ed构成

Answer 3

分词有过去分词 -ed和现在分词-ing/过去分词表示被动完成 而-ing表示主动或自然而然的结果