Question

There be 句式的一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时和一般过去式的结构和意义

Answer 1

　　There be句型的用法
　　一、构成：There be ...句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。例如：
　　There are fifty-two students in our class.
　　There is a pencil in my pencil-case.
　　There was an old house by the river five years ago.
　　二、各种句式：
　　否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not a\an\any + n.（名词）。注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not a\an + n.（可数名词单数）；no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。例如：
　　There is an orange in her bag.
　　→There isn’t an orange in her bag.
　　→There is no orange in her bag.
　　There are some oranges in her bag.
　　→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.
　　→There are no oranges in her bag.
　　There is some juice in the bottle.
　　→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.
　　→There is no juice in the bottle.
　　一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：
　　There is some money in her handbag.
　　→ Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything.)
　　There is something new in today’s newspaper.
　　→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.
　　→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
　　特殊疑问句：　　
　　There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：
　　① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
　　There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?
　　There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?
　　There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?
　　② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is \ are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：
　　There is a computer in my office.
　　→ Where is the computer? ----It’s in my office.
　　There are four children in the classroom.
　　→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.
　　③ 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：
　　如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示：
　　There are twelve months in a year.
　　→How many months are there in a year?
　　There is only one book in my bag.
　　→ How many books are there in your bag?
　　There is a cat in the box.
　　→ How many cats are there in the box?
　　如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示：
　　There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in
　　your purse?
　　反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用…there? 例如：
　　There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?
　　There used to be no school here, used there \did there?
　　三、注意事项：
　　1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
　　如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如：
　　There is a basketball in the box.　
　　There is a little milk in the glass.　
　　如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。例如：
　　There are many birds in the tree.　
　　There were many people in the street yesterday.　
　　如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如：
　　There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
　　There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
　　2. There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语 (如和将来时be going to\ will、现在完成时 have\has + pp. 、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式,这一内容在我们日常练习中经常出现错误,是一难点,也是历年中考试题中的一个考点.)。例如：
　　There must be a pen in the box.
　　There happened to be some money in my pocket.
　　There is going to be a meeting tonight.
　　There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
　　There used to be a church across from the bank.
　　3. There be句型和have\has的区别：
　　There be句型表示 “存在有”, have\has表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如：
　　桌子上有三本书. There are three books on the desk.
　　我有三本书. I have three books.
　　4. There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语. 例如：
　　There is a truck collecting rubish outside.
　　There is a wallet lying on the ground.

　　There be 结构是一常见的表示“存在”的句型，但是，该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语，它以否定句的形式出现，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。其惯用结构一般有以下三种：

　　一、There is + no + Noun + in doing something

　　1.其中名词为表“利弊”、“用途”的抽象名词，如：

　　There is no good in going. 去没有什么好处。
　　There is no harm in doing that. 那样做并无害处。
　　There is no use in doing it. 干此事毫无用处。

　　2.其中名词为表“价值”、“意义”的抽象名词，如：

　　There is no sense in waiting here. 在这里等候下去毫无意义。
　　There is no point in doing so. 这样做毫无意义。
　　There is no disgrace in failing once. 一旦失败也不丢脸。
　　（注：此结构中的介词可以省略，如：There is no use asking her—she doesn’t know anything.）

　　二、There is + no + doing something

　　1.其中的动词（do）多为“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：tell, say, know等，其后一般跟疑问句，如when，what等。

　　There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。
　　There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。
　　There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。

　　2.其他动词，其意义相当灵活。

　　There is no mistaking what ought to be done. 应该做什么是清楚的。
　　There is no denying the fact. 事实无可否认。
　　There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。
　　There is no getting along with him. 他很难相处。
　　Once she starts talking, there is no stopping her. 一旦她打开话匣子，就说个没完。
　　There is no joking with him. 和他不能开玩笑。

　　三、There is + no + Action Noun

　　此结构的含义相当于It’s impossible /unnecessary to do something。如：

　　There is no hurry about it. 没有必要这么急匆匆的。
　　There is no question of his honesty. 他的诚实是勿庸置疑的。

　　有时，在此结构中的Action Noun被动名词形式所取代，其意义不变。试比较：

　　There is no escape from the evident.
　　There is no escaping the fact.
　　两句都表示：无法逃（躲）避……

　　但是，有时也存在意义上的区别，试比较：

　　a. There is no doubt at all about it.
　　b. There is no doubting her virtue.
　　句a为“存在句”，意即：对于此事不存在任何的疑问。
　　句b则是不表“存在”的一种惯用结构，意即：她的贞操勿庸置疑。

　　以上三种结构除用于陈述句外，尚可见于疑问句。如：

　　Is there any use in discussing the matter further? 这种事再讨论下去有何益处？
　　Is there any hurry about it? 这事需要匆忙吗？

　　此惯用结构中的be有时可与情态动词连用，其语气更趋委婉。如：

　　There could be no mistaking where he had come from. 他从哪里来是相当清楚的。

　　此结构中的no也不是一成不变的，它可被其他形式所取代。如：

　　There isn’t any getting away from it. 要从它那里逃脱是不可能的。
　　There was never believing half of what he said. 他的话连一半也不信。
　　There’s never any predicting what they will do next. 无法料及他们下一步将会干什么

　　抱歉，本人原则 多多益善