用in和by表方式有什么不同? 有什么需要注意 比如in后面需要加名词原形吗?谢谢
3个回答
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是的,in后面需要加名词原形。
in和by表方式的区别为:意思不同、用法不同、后接词不同。
一、意思不同
1、in:在…内,在…中,通过...方式。
2、by:表示使为者,表示方式。
二、用法不同
1、in:本意是“凭借某种手段、方式”,由此引申出“依据,按照”,其宾语常为某种规则、法规、标准、习俗等。
2、by:by表示方式作“凭着”解时,其后常接反身代词,作“乘”解时,后接交通工具,其前不加冠词。by表示比率作“以…为单位”解时,常与表示单位的名词或数词连用,名词前常用定冠词,作“…比…”解时,用于两个数字之间表示面积。
三、后接词不同
1、in:in一般只能加way/manner或具体的原材料或语言等做其宾语。原材料一般视为不可数名词,所以也就用名词单数(即你说的“名词原形”)。
2、by:一般加交通工具,抽象的方式手段或加动名词短语doing sth.
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prep.
(表示位置)在…里面; 在, 于; 在…部位上
I could feel the tension in the room.
我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛。
(表示时间)在…时期, 在…之后, 在过程中
In her twenties and thirties she had had no difficulty getting jobs.
她在二三十岁时找工作一点也不困难。
(表示方向)往…内, 朝…方向
I saw him go in the shop.
我看到他走进了商店。
(表示状态)处于…之中, 在…情况下
Martin was in his pyjamas.
马丁穿着睡衣。
(表示方式)用, 以, 按, 乘, 以…形式
They were speaking in Italian.
他们在讲意大利语。
(表示原因)由于, 为了
He went in fear of his life.
他为自己的性命担忧, 所以走了。
(表示领域, 范围)在…以内
It is not in my power to do that.
做那事非我力所能及。
(表示结果)当做, 作为
What did you give him in return?
你给他什么作为报答呢?
(表示目的)为了
They set off in search of the lost child.
他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。
adv.
进入, 入内
The door being opened, they came in at once.
门一打开, 他们就马上进来了。
在家, 在里面
My wife won't be in until five o'clock.
我妻子要到五点钟才在家。
到达, 来临
Is the ship in yet?
船到港了吗?
当政, 当选
This year the Conservative Party is in.
今年保守党执政。
正当时令, 正当流行
Honey peaches are in now and we can eat them every day.
现在水蜜桃正上市, 我们每天都可以吃到。
by的用法小结:
1、介词 prep. 在…旁;靠近
· Our teacher was sitting by the window.
我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。
· Stand by me!
站到我的身旁来!
· We spent our holiday by the sea.
我们在海边度假。
2、 介词 prep. 经过
· He walked by me without speaking.
他走过我的身旁,没有说话。
· My brother goes by the building every day.
我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。
3、介词 prep. 用;靠;通过
using (showing who or what did something)
· I know it by heart.
我把它记在心头。
· They can read by touch.
他们可以通过手摸来阅读。
· By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning.
靠起得早,我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。
4、介词 prep. 不迟于
not later than
· I shall be back by 5 o'clock.
最迟五点我一定回来。
· How many English parties had you had by the end of last term?
到上学期末,你们举行了几次英语晚会?
5、介词 prep. 通过;沿着
through; along; over
· We came through the fields, not by the road.
我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。
· to send a letter by post
通过邮局寄信
6、介词 prep. (表示作者)被;由
word that shows the author, painter, etc.
· Thirty divided by two is fifteen.
三十除以二得十五。
· The child was saved by a PLA man.
这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。
· This bridge was built by the soldiers.
这座桥是士兵们造的。
7、介词 prep. (指交通等)乘;用
word that shows what kind of transport, etc.
· The man came by bus.
那人是坐公共汽车来的。
· They went to Shanghai by air.
他们坐飞机去上海。
8、介词 prep. 在…情况下;在…时间
during
· Do you prefer travelling by day or by night?
你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行?
9、介词 prep. (表示部分)在…部位
word that shows which part
· She led the child by the hand.
她拉着孩子的手往前走。
10、副词 adv. 在旁边
near
· He gave me a story book when nobody was by.
当附近无人的时候他把小说给了我。
11、副词 adv. 从旁边经过
past
· He hurried by without a word.
他匆匆地走过去没有说一句话。
· Time has gone by.
时间已过去了。
· She walked by.
她走过去了。
或者
一、 表示时间期限 意为"到……为止""不迟于"。后接表示过去的时间状语时,多与过去完成时连用;后接now时,多与现在完成时连用;后接表示将来的时间状语时,多与一般将来时或将来完成时连用。例:
1. They had finished their work by the end of last week.到上周末他们已完成了工作。
2. Maybe she has returned by now.或许现在她已经回来了。
3.I'll be here by five o'clock this afternoon.我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
二、 表示位置 意为"在……旁边""靠近",分别相当于beside和near。例:
1. Come and sit by me.过来坐在我身旁。
2. The house stands by the side of the river.房子坐落在河边。
三、在被动语态里表示动作的执行者 意为"被""由"。例:
1.The bike was found by a boy last time.上次,这辆自行车是被一个男孩找到的。
2. These bridges must be built by those workers.这些桥一定是由那些工人建造的。
四、 表示交通方式 意为"骑""乘""坐",其后接不加任何修饰语的交通工具名称。例:
1.My mother often goes to work by bike.我母亲经常骑自行车去上班。
2.My and Mrs Green left here for London by plane yesterday.格林夫妇昨天乘飞机离开这里去伦敦了。
五、 表示动作的原因或手段 意为"用""借""由于""通过"。例:
1. He could tell the points of compass by the stars.他能通过看星星辨别方向。
2. By this means we made more bikes last year.去年,我们用这种方法生产了更多的自行车。
3. We learn to swim by swimming.我们通过游泳学习游泳。
4. The boss sent me away by mistake.由于犯错误,我被老板开除了。
六、 表示路径 意为"经过""沿着""通过",分别相当于past, along和through.。例:
1. You can go by the nearest road.你们能抄近路走。
2. They will come back by Hongkong.他们将取道香港回来。
七、用于某些习惯用语 例:
1. by oneself 单独地
2. by the way 顺便说(问)
3. one by one 逐个地
4. learn by heart 熟记
(表示位置)在…里面; 在, 于; 在…部位上
I could feel the tension in the room.
我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛。
(表示时间)在…时期, 在…之后, 在过程中
In her twenties and thirties she had had no difficulty getting jobs.
她在二三十岁时找工作一点也不困难。
(表示方向)往…内, 朝…方向
I saw him go in the shop.
我看到他走进了商店。
(表示状态)处于…之中, 在…情况下
Martin was in his pyjamas.
马丁穿着睡衣。
(表示方式)用, 以, 按, 乘, 以…形式
They were speaking in Italian.
他们在讲意大利语。
(表示原因)由于, 为了
He went in fear of his life.
他为自己的性命担忧, 所以走了。
(表示领域, 范围)在…以内
It is not in my power to do that.
做那事非我力所能及。
(表示结果)当做, 作为
What did you give him in return?
你给他什么作为报答呢?
(表示目的)为了
They set off in search of the lost child.
他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。
adv.
进入, 入内
The door being opened, they came in at once.
门一打开, 他们就马上进来了。
在家, 在里面
My wife won't be in until five o'clock.
我妻子要到五点钟才在家。
到达, 来临
Is the ship in yet?
船到港了吗?
当政, 当选
This year the Conservative Party is in.
今年保守党执政。
正当时令, 正当流行
Honey peaches are in now and we can eat them every day.
现在水蜜桃正上市, 我们每天都可以吃到。
by的用法小结:
1、介词 prep. 在…旁;靠近
· Our teacher was sitting by the window.
我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。
· Stand by me!
站到我的身旁来!
· We spent our holiday by the sea.
我们在海边度假。
2、 介词 prep. 经过
· He walked by me without speaking.
他走过我的身旁,没有说话。
· My brother goes by the building every day.
我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。
3、介词 prep. 用;靠;通过
using (showing who or what did something)
· I know it by heart.
我把它记在心头。
· They can read by touch.
他们可以通过手摸来阅读。
· By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning.
靠起得早,我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。
4、介词 prep. 不迟于
not later than
· I shall be back by 5 o'clock.
最迟五点我一定回来。
· How many English parties had you had by the end of last term?
到上学期末,你们举行了几次英语晚会?
5、介词 prep. 通过;沿着
through; along; over
· We came through the fields, not by the road.
我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。
· to send a letter by post
通过邮局寄信
6、介词 prep. (表示作者)被;由
word that shows the author, painter, etc.
· Thirty divided by two is fifteen.
三十除以二得十五。
· The child was saved by a PLA man.
这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。
· This bridge was built by the soldiers.
这座桥是士兵们造的。
7、介词 prep. (指交通等)乘;用
word that shows what kind of transport, etc.
· The man came by bus.
那人是坐公共汽车来的。
· They went to Shanghai by air.
他们坐飞机去上海。
8、介词 prep. 在…情况下;在…时间
during
· Do you prefer travelling by day or by night?
你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行?
9、介词 prep. (表示部分)在…部位
word that shows which part
· She led the child by the hand.
她拉着孩子的手往前走。
10、副词 adv. 在旁边
near
· He gave me a story book when nobody was by.
当附近无人的时候他把小说给了我。
11、副词 adv. 从旁边经过
past
· He hurried by without a word.
他匆匆地走过去没有说一句话。
· Time has gone by.
时间已过去了。
· She walked by.
她走过去了。
或者
一、 表示时间期限 意为"到……为止""不迟于"。后接表示过去的时间状语时,多与过去完成时连用;后接now时,多与现在完成时连用;后接表示将来的时间状语时,多与一般将来时或将来完成时连用。例:
1. They had finished their work by the end of last week.到上周末他们已完成了工作。
2. Maybe she has returned by now.或许现在她已经回来了。
3.I'll be here by five o'clock this afternoon.我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
二、 表示位置 意为"在……旁边""靠近",分别相当于beside和near。例:
1. Come and sit by me.过来坐在我身旁。
2. The house stands by the side of the river.房子坐落在河边。
三、在被动语态里表示动作的执行者 意为"被""由"。例:
1.The bike was found by a boy last time.上次,这辆自行车是被一个男孩找到的。
2. These bridges must be built by those workers.这些桥一定是由那些工人建造的。
四、 表示交通方式 意为"骑""乘""坐",其后接不加任何修饰语的交通工具名称。例:
1.My mother often goes to work by bike.我母亲经常骑自行车去上班。
2.My and Mrs Green left here for London by plane yesterday.格林夫妇昨天乘飞机离开这里去伦敦了。
五、 表示动作的原因或手段 意为"用""借""由于""通过"。例:
1. He could tell the points of compass by the stars.他能通过看星星辨别方向。
2. By this means we made more bikes last year.去年,我们用这种方法生产了更多的自行车。
3. We learn to swim by swimming.我们通过游泳学习游泳。
4. The boss sent me away by mistake.由于犯错误,我被老板开除了。
六、 表示路径 意为"经过""沿着""通过",分别相当于past, along和through.。例:
1. You can go by the nearest road.你们能抄近路走。
2. They will come back by Hongkong.他们将取道香港回来。
七、用于某些习惯用语 例:
1. by oneself 单独地
2. by the way 顺便说(问)
3. one by one 逐个地
4. learn by heart 熟记
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表示“用...方式”时:
1. in一般只能加way/manner或具体的原材料或语言等做其宾语。
而原材料一般视为不可数名词,所以也就用名词单数(即你说的“名词原形”)居多。
如:in ink 用墨水
2. by一般加交通工具,抽象的方式手段或加动名词短语doing sth.
如:by bike/plane
by means of language
live by selling newspapers and magazines
1. in一般只能加way/manner或具体的原材料或语言等做其宾语。
而原材料一般视为不可数名词,所以也就用名词单数(即你说的“名词原形”)居多。
如:in ink 用墨水
2. by一般加交通工具,抽象的方式手段或加动名词短语doing sth.
如:by bike/plane
by means of language
live by selling newspapers and magazines
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