Question

英语语法问题

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, marketoriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most
疑问一、 in which 这个in 是determine in 吗，？位置前移是吗？
疑问二、by spending their money in the marketplace 通过花费他们的钱 感觉不像啊，还有这个their money 的主语应该是市场经济吧！ for those goods and services that they want most 你看后面这their明明是指我们消费者啊。 还希望你耐心帮我解惑啊！
我已经看出
what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most 这一句的主语是消费者，但是还是不懂by 什么用法啊，。

Answer 1

疑问一、 in which 这个in 是determine in 吗，？位置前移是吗？

答：不是。which 的先行词是 （a basically private-enterprise, marketoriented） economy。in which 就是：在这种经济（体制中）。等于说：in (such/this) economy。

从句部分：
in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most
从句的主语是 consumers，没错。从句的意思是：在这种经济（体制）中，消费者通过在市场上花钱购买最需用的产品和服务，在很大程度决定了应该生产何种产品。
你看，从句中的谓语动词是determine，怎么决定呢？是通过（by spending...）这个 by spending 是一个方式状语，修饰 谓语动词 determine。明白？

Answer 2

你最后一个问题：就是通过啊，翻译为“通过把钱花在他们最想要的那些商品和服务的市场份额上能够生产出什么呢？” by后面就是一个方式，by+方式构成方式状语。
疑问一：in which相当于where。引导后置定语，形容前面的词。后面的定于太长，放在名词前面不好看所以放在后面。是说
marketoriented economy 是怎样的呢？是这样的。在这样的economy里，巴拉巴拉……
疑问2：还有问题么？

Answer 3

对于疑问一，如你所理解的这样，in which 这个in 是determine in ，属于定语从句介词位置前移
对于疑问2，their money 的主语是consumers 即消费者，并不是你的理解市场经济。by引导的是方式状语从句。

Answer 4

美国的经济体系是一种以市场为导向,私营企业为主体的模式. 消费者在引导市场生产环节起到主要作用,他们的消费导向决定了市场的商品和服务, they 和 their 指的就是consumers, by 就是表示通过某种方式的意思 根据上面翻译可解

Answer 5

1. in which 引导定语从句修饰economy。which代替economy 。in与determine没关系
2. their money是指顾客的钱主语是consumers
in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most
在这种经济体中主要是顾客通过在市场中花钱买他们最想要的货物和服务决定应该生产什么。