Question

设正项数列﹛An﹜的前n项和为Sn,若﹛An﹜和﹛√Sn﹜都是等差数列，且公差相等，则A1=?

Answer 1

设公差为d，首项a1
Sn=na1+n(n-1)d/2
√Sn=√(S1)+(n-1)d=√(a1)+(n-1)d 平方
Sn=a1+2√(a1)*(n-1)d+(n-1)^2d^2

na1+n(n-1)d/2=a1+2√(a1)*(n-1)d+(n-1)^2d^2
(n-1)a1+n(n-1)d/2=2√(a1)*(n-1)d+(n-1)^2d^2
a1+nd/2=2√(a1)d+(n-1)d^2
nd/2-nd^2=2√(a1)d-d^2-a1
n(d/2-d^2)=2√(a1)d-d^2-a1
因为对任意n∈N+都成立，所以
d/2-d^2=0
d=0或d=1/2
(1) d=0时 2√(a1)d-d^2-a1=0 a1=0 正项数列 舍
(2) d=1/2 2√(a1)d-d^2-a1=0 a1=1/4