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UniversityofSussexscientistsworkingwithresearchersinBrazilhaveidentifiedthefirstexamp...
University of Sussex scientists working with researchers in Brazil have identified the first example of a ‘soldier’ bee.
The discovery was made by a team of scientists from the University of Sussex and the University of São Paulo including Professor Francis Ratnieks and Dr Christoph Grueter, from the University of Sussex Laboratory of Apiculture and Social Insects.
The team studied a common tropical stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula in São Paulo State in Brazil where it is known locally as Jataí. It nests in tree and wall cavities. Each nest has one queen and up to 10,000 workers.
Insect societies such as the Jataí’s are defined by cooperative and altruistic behaviour, with the workers caring for the nest and the queen’s offspring. This lifestyle also includes the division of labour among workers.
The research, published today (Monday 9 January 2012) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) states that:
Jataí guard bees are 30 per cent heavier than their forager nestmates;
they differ slightly in shape from foragers, with disproportionately larger legs and smaller heads; approximately one per cent of workers bees reared in a colony are soldier-sized; Jataí soldiers stand on the nest entrance tube and also hover near the entrance where they provide “early warning” detection of enemy attack Like other social insects, Jataí use guard workers to protect the nest. A previous study by the team had shown that these guards were specialists who performed guarding duties for far longer (up to three weeks) than other types of worker bee, such as the honey bee, who spend just one day guarding the nest, progressing to other tasks as they get older.
The new research shows that Jataí guards, unlike their honey bee counterparts, are morphologically (physically) specialised to perform a particular task, being consistently larger than their nest mates.
Having larger-bodied guards is important for nest-defence, as they are better at fighting one of Jataí’s main enemies – the robber bee Lestrimelitta limao, which can kill off many colonies when raiding nests for food. These guards, then, are more like the ‘soldier’ workers found in some ant and termite colonies.
Even though the Jataí guard lacks a sting and is eventually killed, it can clamp its head onto the wing of a robber bee, preventing it from flying.
The discovery is significant in terms of the evolution of advanced insect societies. Large-bodied soldier workers have long been known in ants and termites, but this is the first evidence of a soldier bee – a worker physically designed for active defence of the nest.
Professor Ratnieks says: “Stingless bees are not defenceless. Jataí is one of the most common bees found in Brazil, but its sophisticated defences make it one of the most amazing.”
求各位高人翻译.... 展开
The discovery was made by a team of scientists from the University of Sussex and the University of São Paulo including Professor Francis Ratnieks and Dr Christoph Grueter, from the University of Sussex Laboratory of Apiculture and Social Insects.
The team studied a common tropical stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula in São Paulo State in Brazil where it is known locally as Jataí. It nests in tree and wall cavities. Each nest has one queen and up to 10,000 workers.
Insect societies such as the Jataí’s are defined by cooperative and altruistic behaviour, with the workers caring for the nest and the queen’s offspring. This lifestyle also includes the division of labour among workers.
The research, published today (Monday 9 January 2012) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) states that:
Jataí guard bees are 30 per cent heavier than their forager nestmates;
they differ slightly in shape from foragers, with disproportionately larger legs and smaller heads; approximately one per cent of workers bees reared in a colony are soldier-sized; Jataí soldiers stand on the nest entrance tube and also hover near the entrance where they provide “early warning” detection of enemy attack Like other social insects, Jataí use guard workers to protect the nest. A previous study by the team had shown that these guards were specialists who performed guarding duties for far longer (up to three weeks) than other types of worker bee, such as the honey bee, who spend just one day guarding the nest, progressing to other tasks as they get older.
The new research shows that Jataí guards, unlike their honey bee counterparts, are morphologically (physically) specialised to perform a particular task, being consistently larger than their nest mates.
Having larger-bodied guards is important for nest-defence, as they are better at fighting one of Jataí’s main enemies – the robber bee Lestrimelitta limao, which can kill off many colonies when raiding nests for food. These guards, then, are more like the ‘soldier’ workers found in some ant and termite colonies.
Even though the Jataí guard lacks a sting and is eventually killed, it can clamp its head onto the wing of a robber bee, preventing it from flying.
The discovery is significant in terms of the evolution of advanced insect societies. Large-bodied soldier workers have long been known in ants and termites, but this is the first evidence of a soldier bee – a worker physically designed for active defence of the nest.
Professor Ratnieks says: “Stingless bees are not defenceless. Jataí is one of the most common bees found in Brazil, but its sophisticated defences make it one of the most amazing.”
求各位高人翻译.... 展开
2个回答
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瑟赛克斯大学工作的科学家,研究人员在巴西发现的第一个'兵'蜂。
这一发现是由一个团队来自瑟赛克斯大学的科学家和大学的圣保罗包括教授弗兰西斯博士和克里斯托夫格吕特,由瑟赛克斯大学实验室养蜂和社会昆虫。
该研究小组共同热带无刺蜂格斯图拉
在ã圣保罗州在巴西,是当地著名的日本旅行业协会。它的巢在树和墙洞。每巢有一女王和工人已达10000。
社会昆虫等í吉安的定义的合作与利他行为,与工人照顾鸟巢和女王的后代。这种生活方式也包括分工工人。
今天(星期一出版的研究,一月9 2012)在杂志上刊登在国家科学院的国家(美国国家科学院院刊):
日本旅行业协会后卫蜜蜂30 %的重量超过其觅食巢交配;
但略有不同的形状从觅食的,不相称的更大的腿和头部较小;
大约1 %的工人蜜蜂饲养在一个殖民地大小士兵;
日本旅行业协会í士兵站在巢的入口管和悬停入口附近,在那里他们提供预警探测敌人的攻击
像其他社会昆虫,í使用后卫吉安工人保护巢。以往的研究小组已经表明,这些卫兵守卫任务专家进行更长时间(三周)比其他类型的工人蜜蜂,如蜜蜂,谁花一天守巢,进展到其他任务,因为他们年纪。
新的研究表明,后卫吉安,不像他们的蜜蜂,形态(身体)专门用来执行特定任务,始终是大于它们的巢交配。
具有较大的体卫是重要的护巢,因为他们是更好地打击一个吉安í的主要敌人–强盗蜂恐怕利马奥,能杀死许多殖民地时,突袭巢食品。这些卫兵,然后,更像是'兵'工人发现在一些蚂蚁和白蚁殖民地。
尽管í后卫吉安缺乏刺激,最终杀死了,它可以夹其头到翼强盗蜂,防止它飞行。
这个发现是重要的方面发展先进的社会昆虫。大型士兵工人一直在蚂蚁和白蚁,但这是第一次证明了一个兵蜂–工人身体专为主动防御的巢。
教授说:“大素蜜蜂不设防。日本旅行业协会í是一种最常见的蜜蜂在巴西发现,但其复杂的防御系统,使一个最惊人的。”
这一发现是由一个团队来自瑟赛克斯大学的科学家和大学的圣保罗包括教授弗兰西斯博士和克里斯托夫格吕特,由瑟赛克斯大学实验室养蜂和社会昆虫。
该研究小组共同热带无刺蜂格斯图拉
在ã圣保罗州在巴西,是当地著名的日本旅行业协会。它的巢在树和墙洞。每巢有一女王和工人已达10000。
社会昆虫等í吉安的定义的合作与利他行为,与工人照顾鸟巢和女王的后代。这种生活方式也包括分工工人。
今天(星期一出版的研究,一月9 2012)在杂志上刊登在国家科学院的国家(美国国家科学院院刊):
日本旅行业协会后卫蜜蜂30 %的重量超过其觅食巢交配;
但略有不同的形状从觅食的,不相称的更大的腿和头部较小;
大约1 %的工人蜜蜂饲养在一个殖民地大小士兵;
日本旅行业协会í士兵站在巢的入口管和悬停入口附近,在那里他们提供预警探测敌人的攻击
像其他社会昆虫,í使用后卫吉安工人保护巢。以往的研究小组已经表明,这些卫兵守卫任务专家进行更长时间(三周)比其他类型的工人蜜蜂,如蜜蜂,谁花一天守巢,进展到其他任务,因为他们年纪。
新的研究表明,后卫吉安,不像他们的蜜蜂,形态(身体)专门用来执行特定任务,始终是大于它们的巢交配。
具有较大的体卫是重要的护巢,因为他们是更好地打击一个吉安í的主要敌人–强盗蜂恐怕利马奥,能杀死许多殖民地时,突袭巢食品。这些卫兵,然后,更像是'兵'工人发现在一些蚂蚁和白蚁殖民地。
尽管í后卫吉安缺乏刺激,最终杀死了,它可以夹其头到翼强盗蜂,防止它飞行。
这个发现是重要的方面发展先进的社会昆虫。大型士兵工人一直在蚂蚁和白蚁,但这是第一次证明了一个兵蜂–工人身体专为主动防御的巢。
教授说:“大素蜜蜂不设防。日本旅行业协会í是一种最常见的蜜蜂在巴西发现,但其复杂的防御系统,使一个最惊人的。”
展开全部
瑟赛克斯大学工作的科学家,研究人员在巴西发现的第一个'兵'蜂。
这一发现是由一个团队来自瑟赛克斯大学的科学家和大学的ã圣保罗包括教授弗兰西斯Rat nieks博士和克里斯托夫格吕特,由瑟赛克斯大学实验室养蜂和社会昆虫。
该研究小组共同热带无刺蜂tetragonisca angustula在ã圣保罗州在巴西,是当地著名的í日本旅行业协会。它的巢在树和墙洞。每巢有一女王和工人已达10000。
社会昆虫等í吉安的定义的合作与利他行为,与工人照顾鸟巢和女王的后代。这种生活方式也包括分工工人。
今天(星期一出版的研究,一月9 2012)在杂志上刊登在国家科学院的国家(美国国家科学院院刊):
日本旅行业协会í后卫蜜蜂30 %的重量超过其觅食nestmates;
但略有不同的形状从觅食的,不相称的更大的腿和头部较小;
大约1 %的工人蜜蜂饲养在一个殖民地soldier-sized;
日本旅行业协会í士兵站在巢的入口管和悬停入口附近,在那里他们提供预警探测敌人的攻击
像其他社会昆虫,í使用后卫吉安工人保护巢。以往的研究小组已经表明,这些卫兵守卫任务专家进行更长时间(三周)比其他类型的工人蜜蜂,如蜜蜂,谁花一天守巢,进展到其他任务,因为他们年纪。
新的研究表明,í后卫吉安,不像他们的蜜蜂,形态(身体)专门用来执行特定任务,始终是大于它们的巢交配。
具有较大的体卫是重要的护巢,因为他们是更好地打击一个吉安í的主要敌人–强盗蜂lestrimelitta利马奥,能杀死许多殖民地时,突袭巢食品。这些卫兵,然后,更像是'兵'工人发现在一些蚂蚁和白蚁殖民地。
尽管í后卫吉安缺乏刺激,最终杀死了,它可以夹其头到翼强盗蜂,防止它飞行。
这个发现是重要的方面发展先进的社会昆虫。大型士兵工人一直在蚂蚁和白蚁,但这是第一次证明了一个兵蜂–工人身体专为主动防御的巢。
教授说:“Rat nieks蜜蜂不设防。日本旅行业协会í是一种最常见的蜜蜂在巴西发现,但其复杂的防御系统,使一个最惊人的。”
这一发现是由一个团队来自瑟赛克斯大学的科学家和大学的ã圣保罗包括教授弗兰西斯Rat nieks博士和克里斯托夫格吕特,由瑟赛克斯大学实验室养蜂和社会昆虫。
该研究小组共同热带无刺蜂tetragonisca angustula在ã圣保罗州在巴西,是当地著名的í日本旅行业协会。它的巢在树和墙洞。每巢有一女王和工人已达10000。
社会昆虫等í吉安的定义的合作与利他行为,与工人照顾鸟巢和女王的后代。这种生活方式也包括分工工人。
今天(星期一出版的研究,一月9 2012)在杂志上刊登在国家科学院的国家(美国国家科学院院刊):
日本旅行业协会í后卫蜜蜂30 %的重量超过其觅食nestmates;
但略有不同的形状从觅食的,不相称的更大的腿和头部较小;
大约1 %的工人蜜蜂饲养在一个殖民地soldier-sized;
日本旅行业协会í士兵站在巢的入口管和悬停入口附近,在那里他们提供预警探测敌人的攻击
像其他社会昆虫,í使用后卫吉安工人保护巢。以往的研究小组已经表明,这些卫兵守卫任务专家进行更长时间(三周)比其他类型的工人蜜蜂,如蜜蜂,谁花一天守巢,进展到其他任务,因为他们年纪。
新的研究表明,í后卫吉安,不像他们的蜜蜂,形态(身体)专门用来执行特定任务,始终是大于它们的巢交配。
具有较大的体卫是重要的护巢,因为他们是更好地打击一个吉安í的主要敌人–强盗蜂lestrimelitta利马奥,能杀死许多殖民地时,突袭巢食品。这些卫兵,然后,更像是'兵'工人发现在一些蚂蚁和白蚁殖民地。
尽管í后卫吉安缺乏刺激,最终杀死了,它可以夹其头到翼强盗蜂,防止它飞行。
这个发现是重要的方面发展先进的社会昆虫。大型士兵工人一直在蚂蚁和白蚁,但这是第一次证明了一个兵蜂–工人身体专为主动防御的巢。
教授说:“Rat nieks蜜蜂不设防。日本旅行业协会í是一种最常见的蜜蜂在巴西发现,但其复杂的防御系统,使一个最惊人的。”
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