Question

好难啊~~~请帮忙翻译一段文字，谢谢！

A recurring criticism of the UK’s university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
　　Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spend by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
　　We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system and, in the face of the current economic turmoil, one of the few ’get out of jail’ cards still held by the nation.
　　However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.

Our weaknesses show up in the rates of US patenting and license income arising from our efforts, but these have improved and there is no reason to believe that this trend will not be continued.
　　When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade, such as the sharp increase in research funding, the evolution of the Higher Education Innovation Fund and the continuation of the Research Assessment Exercise have helped transform the performance of UK universities. The evidence suggests the UK’s position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement.

Now for the health warning. National data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.

This type of skewed distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are in receipt of 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active.

As part of the debate on the future of higher education, John Denham, the innovation, universities and skills secretary, challenged authors to take a 10-15 year outlook on the direction of the sector.

Answer 1

英国的大学界的一个经常性的批评是它的弱点，在将新知识转化为新产品和新服务。
最近，英国国家干细胞网络警告说，英国可能会失去其世界各国领导人在干细胞研究中也能得到保证，除非有足够的资金和立法，尽管每年的4000万英镑，由卫生署研究各种花。
我们应该认真对待这种担心大学在国家创新体系中的关键，面对当前的经济风暴，其中的几个“走出监狱的卡仍然由国家。
但是，我们也有挑战没头没脑的投诉，该部门没有做足够的将创意推向市场。最近比较的性能，在澳大利亚，加拿大，美国和英国的大学和研究机构的数据表明，从一个相对薄弱的起始位置，英国领先的商业化活动的许多指标上。
我们的弱点在美国的专利和许可证收入从我们的努力所产生的比率，但这些都提高了，有没有理由相信这一趋势将不会持续。
在国家层面看，政策干预在过去的十年中，如大幅增加科研经费的高等教育创新基金和研究评审工作的延续，演变的帮助改变了英国大学的表现。有证据表明英国的立场是远远强于在最近的过去，仍呈现改善。

现在的健康警告。国家数据掩盖了非常大的变化，在各大学的表现。有证据表明，大量的大学已经下降断背的包，一些表现强劲，其余追逐的领导人。

这种类型的偏态分布是英国特有的，在其他经济体的镜像。研究主要集中在英国，低于25％的大学在收到的75％的研究经费。这些相同的大学机构，科学的博士毕业生，参考文献，专利和特许权收入的最大份额。长期资源集中的政策产生的影响也创造了一套独特的大学，研究为主导的和商业性的活动。

作为未来的高等教育，约翰·德纳姆，创新，大学和技能大臣，挑战作者的方向的部门采取了10-15年的前景辩论的一部分。

Answer 2

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