Question

make sure to do sth、be sure of sth、be sure that 、be certain of/about的区别

Answer 1

就是用法的区别，意思大致相同，表示“确定要做某事”

make sure to do sth 就是sure后面跟动词不定式，有表示将来时的意味
如：i make sure to finish this work later.

be sure of sth/ doing sth 就是sure 后面跟名词或者动名词
如：i 'm sure of having finished this work

be sure that 就是sure 后面跟一个完整的从句,that 可以省略
如：i am sure that i will finish this work later

be certain of/about的用法跟be sure of 相似，后面跟名词或动名词

Answer 2

make sure to do sth 确保要做某事
be sure of sth 确信某事
be sure that + 句子 确信某事，或确信某事会发生
be certain of / about +介词或名词（短语） 确信某事

Answer 3

意义一样，用法不同，你已经把用法都列出来了，所以，结构、介词等差异就是区别。