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重点词汇
Activity 2 P2
The letter format 写信的格式
1.右上角是写信人的地址
2.左上角是收信人的地址（地址的顺序是由小到大）
3.称呼
4.内容
5.结尾
enquire =inquire (about/into/after) v. To seek information by asking a question
打听，问通过提问题打听信息
He is going to inquire about trains to London.
• 他打算去打听一下去伦敦的火车。
• Who will inquire into this matter?
• 谁来调查这件事情？
• The lady inquired after your health.
• 这位女士问候你。
take on sb. (as) v. Hire; accept in a relationship
• 雇用, 在某种关系中接受
• Will you take me on as an assistant?
• 你愿意收下我作助手吗？
• Doctor Watson wasn’t taking on any new patients.
• 沃森医师不再收新病人了。
A range of … n. 范围 (变动/知识/视听/有效范围)
• a range of buildings 一排楼房
• a range of pictures 一系列画片
• a large range of motors for sale
• 一长排待售的汽车
• the annual range of temperature
• 每年的温度变化范围
• a wide range of knowledge 广博的知识
grow up v. 1) become adult长大;成年 2) come into existence 兴起；逐渐形成
• What are you going to do when you grow up?
• 当你长大成人时，你想干什么？
• New cities grow up into desert.
• 新的城市在沙漠中崛起。
apart from …prep. With the exception of;
• Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.
• 除了很少的几句外,我对法语一无所知。
• Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.
• 除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏。
When required = when （I am） required 如有必要
省略句: 当从句的主语与主句一致时，可以省略主语和系动词 be，仅仅保留后面的成分。
When heated, water changes into steam.
当水被加热时，就会变成蒸汽。
= When water is heated, water changes into steam.
While waiting for the bus, the girl read a magazine.
在等车的时候，这个女孩看一本杂志。
= While the girl was waiting for the bus, the girl read a magazine.
work on v. continue working; 继续工作
• They will work on till sunset.
• 他们将继续工作，直到日落。
influence (on / upon) • n. A power affecting a person, thing, or course of events 常与 on/upon 连用）影响力；感化力
• My teacher's influence made me study science at college.
• 由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。
• Many a woman has had an influence upon her husband.
• 许多妇女对其丈夫有影响
available • adj. Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible 可用的现实可用的；手边的；可获得的
• Chinese commodities available for export are varied.
• 中国可供出口的商品种类繁多。
I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your color and size.
对不起, 这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
at any time adv. 任何时候
You can call me at any time.
任何时候你都可以给我打电话。
look forward to +n. / v.-ing v. be eager to do sth. 期待；盼望发生(＋名词/动名词短语)
We are all looking forward to our holiday.
我们都盼望着假期。
She had been looking forward to leaving the hospital wards for a holiday at home.
她一直盼望着离开病房，在家过个假日。
Activity 11 P9
as usual adv. As commonly or habitually happens 照常，照例和平常或习惯一样：
As usual, I slept late that Saturday morning.
和平时一样，那个星期六早晨我起得很迟。
While conj. Whereas; and: 然而；而且
You like tennis, while I'd rather read.
你爱打网球，但我爱看书。
burst in v. To emerge, come forth, or arrive suddenly 突然地出现
She burst in while we were talking about her.
我们正在说起她，她突然闯了进来。
be worth + n./v.-ing adj. Equal in value to something specified 价值与…相当, 顶得上
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
It's worth+ 名词/动名词 值得……
It's worth seeing /. Hearing / reading.
值得一看/一听/一读。
Activity 2 P16
send v.tr.To require or enable to go:派需要或有能力去
She sent her children to college.
她送孩子们上大学。
The judge sent the criminal to prison.
法官判罪犯入狱。
diagnose （as）v. To distinguish or identify (a disease, for example) by diagnosis.诊断，辨别或识别（如疾病）
The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza.
医生诊断此病为流行感冒。
The teacher diagnosed the boy's reading difficulties
老师找出那孩子阅读上困难的原因。( 比喻用法)
强调句型：It + is / was + 强调成分 + that / who + 从句
此句型可强调句子的主语；宾语；状语。
It was she who had been wrong.
是她错了。（主语）
It was John and his brother that we met in the park last week.
上星期我们在公园遇见的是约翰和他的兄弟。 （宾语）
It was in your room that I left my bag.
是在你的房间里我放下了我的包。 （地点状语）
It was not until last night that I noticed this matter.
直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。（时间状语）
take care of 照料
be good at 擅长
look after 照顾
in that way 在那方面
grow up 长大
get on 生活, 融洽相处
look like 和 take like 的区别
look like 像..., （外表特征）
be like 像…（性格特征）
take after 像..., 学…的样
like 喜欢 (做)… （练习 P23）
bring up v. To take care of and educate (a child); rear.抚养; 教育（小孩）
I was brought up by my aunt.
我是我姑姑抚养成人的。
He was brought up to be honest.
他从小就培养他要诚实。
grow up （自己）长大；成长
bring up （别人）抚养，养育
There the birds nest and bring up their young.
鸟在那里筑巢，养育他们的幼鸟。
He grew up and became a soldier.
他长大了，成长为一名战士。
remember v. To recall to the mind; think of again. 记得, 回想起
两种用法：
1) remember to do sth. 记住要做的事
2) remember doing sth 记得做过的事
Please remember to mail it for me.
请记住帮我把信寄掉。
I remember seeing her once.
我记得曾见过她一次。.
tell off v. To express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone).责备，表达对（某人）的不赞成、批评或失望
I was ten minutes late and she told me off in front of everyone.
我迟到了十分钟，她当着大家的面申斥了我一番。
Activity11
in one’s early/late twenties 在某人二十几岁时
In one’s teens 在某人十几岁时
move to …v. To go from one residence or location to another; relocate.搬家, 从一个居住地或定居点搬到另一个
Mary just moved to this community last week.
玛丽上个星期才搬到这个社区。
marry vt. To give in marriage. 结婚，把…嫁给，为…娶亲
be married 表示已婚状态
Jean is going to marry Hubert
简爱打算和哈伯特结婚。
Are you married or single?
你是已婚，还是单身？
两种用法：
1) go on doing sth. 继续做某事
2) go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事
Don't go on talking.
不要继续讲了
After he returned from USA, he went on to teach in a university.
当他从美国回来之后，他继续在大学里教书。
call in v. To pay a short visit 短暂的拜访
We called in on our new neighbors last evening.
昨晚我们去拜访了新来的邻居。
either … (or) … conj. before the first of 2 or more choices which are expressed by like noun phrases or verb phrases, ect., separated by or : 或是…… 或是…..; / 不是…… 就是……（前后连接的成分一致）
Either Tom or his brothers have to shovel the snow.
是汤姆就是他的兄弟得去铲雪。
The books were either works on travel or detective novels.
这些书要么是关于旅行的, 要么就是侦探小说。
Either you must improve your work, or I shall dismiss you.
你必须改进工作, 否则, 我将解雇你。
poke one's nose into v. to inquire with too much interest into other people’s business
窥探; 打听(别人的私事)
Don’t poke your nose into the affaires of others.
勿干涉别人的事务。
This is something I told you not to poke your nose into.
我说过这不是你要探究的事。
put up with v. to suffer or bear patiently忍受, 容忍
She makes so much noise and I can’t put up with her any longer.
她太闹了，我再也忍受不了。
I went to see my dentist because I couldn’t put up with the toothache.
我再也忍受不住牙疼，就去看了牙医。
Whatever pron. 无论…，不管…
Whatever 引出让步状语从句
Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool.
不管发生什么事,头等重要的是保持冷静。
Whatever you do, I won't tell you my secret.
不管你做什么，我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。
Activity 11 P47
about
adv. In no particular direction
到处，没有确定方向地
Did you look about ?
你四处看了吗 ?
He was wandering about with no place to go.
他一直四处漂泊，无处可去 。
wake up v. become awake: 醒 , 醒过来
Wake up , old chap! It's seven o'clock.
醒醒 , 老家伙 ! 都 7 点钟了。
She had to wake up several times when their baby was ill.
当他们的孩子生病时 , 她一个晚上要醒几次。
by 1) prep. Close to; next to: 接近；靠近：
2) adv. On hand; nearby: 旁边手边；就近的：
There was a lamp on the table by the bed.
床边的桌子上有一个台灯。
At that time he stood by.
那时 , 他就站在旁边。
wave to v. To make a signal with an up-and-down or back-and-forth movement of the hand or an object held in the hand: （常与 to 连用）招手，挥手（致意）
He waved desperately to his companion.
他绝望地向他的伙伴挥了挥手。
She waved as she drove by.
她开车而过时挥手示意。
be (feel) proud of / (that 从句 ) being a reason for pride: 引以为荣的
He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.
他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。
Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year.
我们的足球队对今年战无不胜甚感自豪。
Like being left
being left 动名词的被动语态作 like 的宾语
He could not bear being made fun of like that.
大家这样开他的玩笑他受不了。
He left the room without being seen.
没有人看见他离开了房间。
for a neighbor to come.
用介词 for 引出不定式的逻辑主语，这种结构作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。
This is for you to decide .
这件事由你决定。
The furniture is too heavy for the girls to move.
这些家具太重了，姑娘们搬不动。
on one's own
adv. 1) By one's own efforts: 通过自己的努力 , 独自地
2) Responsible for oneself; independent of outside help or control: 独立地，自己对自己负责
She got the job on her own.
她自己找到了这份工作。
He is now out of college and on his own.
他现在离开了大学并且自己生活。
keep in touch (with) v. communicate with: 保持联络
I have still kept in touch with several classmates.
我至今还和几位同学保持联系。
People can keep in touch with each other even when they do leave.
人们即使分开了也能互相保存联系。
call in v. “ 来访 ”
call on + 某人 . “ 拜访某人 ”
call at + 地点 “ 在某地拜访 ”
I'll call on Tom at his office tomorrow.
明天我去汤姆的办公室拜访他。
for one's age 就年龄来说
He looks too old for his age.
就年龄来说 , 他看上去太老了。
do sth. to sb.… 对某人做某事
How dare she do that to her mother?
她怎么敢那样对待她妈妈呢 ?
Activity 1 P58
carry on (sth. / doing sth.) v. To continue without halting; persevere: 不停顿地持续下去；坚持：
We must carry on in the face of disaster.
面对灾难我们必须坚持不懈。
Even after the teacher entered the classroom, she carried on talking with her tablemate
即使老师进了教室, 她还是继续和同座聊天。
hand over (to) … v. (= hand down) 把…传下来 移交；让与
He had to hand over command of a ship.
他不得不移交军舰的指挥权。
The pickpocket was handed over to the police.
扒手被送交警方。
What to do with himself 动词不定式结构
形式: “ 连接代词/副词+to do ” , 这种结构起名词的作用, 在句子中作主语，宾语或表语。
When to begin the strike is not yet known.
何时开始罢工还不知道。
The question is where to hold the party.
问题是在哪里聚会。
do with sth. v. to deal with …(对某物)如何处理
-- “What are you going to do with it?” -- “Keep it, of course.”
“你打算把它怎么处理？” “当然市保存下来。”
(be/go) on holiday (= on one's holidays) 在度假，[去休假]
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle.
我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
He is going on holiday to Japan.
他要去日本休假。
hate being retired
being retired 动名词短语作 hate 的宾语
The boys avoided fighting.
男孩子们避免了斗殴。
She is good at telling lies.
她很会撒谎。
too … to do sth. adv.（用于形容词或副词之前） “太… 而不能”|
These pillars are too thin to carry the roof.
这些柱子太细,支撑不住屋顶。
He is too young to join the army.
他年龄太小了, 不能参军。
Activity 12 P67
very adj.（加强语气）就是，正是
He is the very man that came yesterday.
他正是昨天来的那个人。
He was caught in the very act of stealing.
他正在偷东西时当场被捕。
The very thought of failing in the English examination frightens me.
甚至想到英语考试(可能)不及格我就害怕。
Care about v. To be concerned or interested:被关心或关注
She is very selfish, she doesn’t care about this kind if thing.
•她很自私，不在乎（关心）这种事。
ask for v. To make a request of or for: 要求，要求给予
Mary asked for time to think all this over.
玛丽要求给予时间把这一切好好想想。
I’m rather sorry I didn’t ask for the job.
非常对不起, 我当时没有申请这份工作。
by chance accidentally 偶然地；无意地
I didn’t know anything about it. I just heard of it by chance.
我对此一无所知，我只是无意中听说了这件事。
I met him by chance in the park.
我偶然在公园里看见了他。
see sb./sth. doing sth.
现在分词与它前面的宾语一起构成复合宾语, 这个宾语是该现在分词的逻辑主语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词, 如：see, hear, watch, notice, smell, find, observe, look at,listen to。另外有些使役动词。如：keep, get(使), leave, catch (撞见)等。
I saw her crossing the street.
我看见她正穿过街道。
We heard her singing all the time.
人们听到她一直在唱歌。
run over v.（车辆）轧过，压过, 辗过
The train ran over the poor fellow as he was crossing the line.
当他正要走过去时, 火车从这个可怜的人身上碾过去了。
the fall of An overthrow; a collapse: 倒台：
After the fall of a government, people were at a loss.
政府倒台后人们不知所措。
Sail v. To move across the surface of water, especially by means of a sailing vessel.航行（尤指乘帆船）在水面上行驶
The captain sailed his ship through the narrow passage.
船长驾驶着他的船只通过了狭窄的航道。
The girl sailed into the room.
女孩轻盈地走进了房间。
start doing (to do) begin to do sth. 开始干……
I started to earn my own living this very afternoon.
就从今天下午开始，我要自食其力了。
He started talking about some of the changes in his village.
他开始谈他村子里发生的一些变化。
amuse v. To cause to laugh or smile by giving pleasure. 逗乐，通过娱乐而使大笑或微笑
His story amuses me.
他的故事使我发笑。
We were all amused at his foolish behavior.
我们对他那愚蠢的行为都感到好笑。
Activity 2 P79
decided v. To cause to make or reach a decision.（常与to, that 从句）决心；决定
He decided to go himself.
他决定亲自去。
The boy decided not to become a sailor.
那孩子决定将来不当水手。
She has decided that she will be a doctor.
她已决定将来当个医生。
raise (for) v. To gather together; collect :筹款收集；收敛：
They raised money from the neighbors for a charity.
他们从邻居们那里收钱用于一件善事。
They helped us to raise the 200,000 Yuan fund for the school buildings.
他们帮助我们募集了二十万基金来盖校舍。
retire (from) vi. To withdraw from one's occupation, business, or office; stop working. 退职, 停止工作
He retired from the business when he was 60.
他60岁时，退休了。
He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad.
"他现在正在退出政治生活,并已出国。"
take part (in) v. To participate . 参与, 参加
How many of you are going to take part?
你们中有多少人打算参加?
They gave him the chance to take part in designing new products.
他们给他机会参加设计新产品的工作。
prepare (for) v. To make ready beforehand for a specific purpose, as for an event or occasion作准备, 预先为特定目的作好准备，如为某事或某种场合
The teacher prepared the students for the exams.
老师让学生们为考试作准备。
We stood side by side washing, and preparing for breakfast.
我们并排洗手，准备吃早饭。
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。
take sb. to (into)…. V. to send someone to some place 送某人去某地
The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the center of Paris as he hoped it would.
这个孩子拦住的下一辆车没有象像他所希望的那样把他带到巴黎市中心。
You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.(谚)
引马河边易,逼马饮水难。(不要逼人做他不愿做的事。/ 善意不足以成事。)
the same as … Conforming in every detail: 完全一致的, 在每一细节上都一致的
Her hair is the same color as her mother's.
她头发颜色跟她母亲的一样。
You can do it according to the same rules as before.
你们可以根据以前的规则来做。
fit a. Physically sound; healthy 身体健康的
I keep fit with diet and exercise.
我是通过节食和运动来保持健康。
Activity13 P89
make a decision -- to decide sth. 作决定； 下决心
She could not make a decision about the dresses.
她对（买不买）这衣服下不了决心。
prefer (to) v. To choose or be in the habit of choosing as more desirable or as having more value 更喜欢, 作为更合意的或更有价值的而选择或习惯于选择…
I prefer coffee to tea.
我喜欢咖啡胜于茶。
He said that he preferred the country to the city.
他说城市和农村相比, 他更喜欢农村。
(be) aware of … to have knowledge or realization of 知道；意识
Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations.
每个人都意识到了四化的重要性。
Were you aware of the risk at that time?
当时你意识到有风险吗？
Activity 2 P107
replace v. To be or provide a substitute for. 提供代替品, 作为或提供对…更换物
We replace defective tubes.
我们更换有毛病的管子。
Can anything replace a mother's love and care?
有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗?
commute v. To travel as a commuter. 通勤, 作为长期车票使用者旅行
n. (上下班)两地之间坐车往返； 往返的路程
The businessmen commute between London and New York
商人们定期往返于伦敦纽约间。
Most of us commute between home and office
我们大多数人上下班来往通勤。
There is about an hour's commute from the university
离大学一小时左右的汽车路程。
list n. a record of short pieces of information usually one below the other so that they can be read easily or count. 清单; 单子v. to make a list of sth. 列出; 列入
He put the newcomers’ names on the list.
他把新来人的名字写在名单上.
Please make a list of things I must buy.
请把我要买的东西列出一张清单.
List all the things you need from the grocery.
把在食品店要买的东西列出来.
I shall list my errands on a card.
我将把自己的错误写着一张卡片是.
fix v. To restore to proper condition or working order; repair: 修理，校准修复到正常状态或工作程序
Tom is coming to fix that broken machine this afternoon.
汤姆今天下午来修理那台坏机器
I asked the boy to fix the bicycle.
Activity 2 P2
The letter format 写信的格式
1.右上角是写信人的地址
2.左上角是收信人的地址（地址的顺序是由小到大）
3.称呼
4.内容
5.结尾
enquire =inquire (about/into/after) v. To seek information by asking a question
打听，问通过提问题打听信息
He is going to inquire about trains to London.
• 他打算去打听一下去伦敦的火车。
• Who will inquire into this matter?
• 谁来调查这件事情？
• The lady inquired after your health.
• 这位女士问候你。
take on sb. (as) v. Hire; accept in a relationship
• 雇用, 在某种关系中接受
• Will you take me on as an assistant?
• 你愿意收下我作助手吗？
• Doctor Watson wasn’t taking on any new patients.
• 沃森医师不再收新病人了。
A range of … n. 范围 (变动/知识/视听/有效范围)
• a range of buildings 一排楼房
• a range of pictures 一系列画片
• a large range of motors for sale
• 一长排待售的汽车
• the annual range of temperature
• 每年的温度变化范围
• a wide range of knowledge 广博的知识
grow up v. 1) become adult长大;成年 2) come into existence 兴起；逐渐形成
• What are you going to do when you grow up?
• 当你长大成人时，你想干什么？
• New cities grow up into desert.
• 新的城市在沙漠中崛起。
apart from …prep. With the exception of;
• Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.
• 除了很少的几句外,我对法语一无所知。
• Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.
• 除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏。
When required = when （I am） required 如有必要
省略句: 当从句的主语与主句一致时，可以省略主语和系动词 be，仅仅保留后面的成分。
When heated, water changes into steam.
当水被加热时，就会变成蒸汽。
= When water is heated, water changes into steam.
While waiting for the bus, the girl read a magazine.
在等车的时候，这个女孩看一本杂志。
= While the girl was waiting for the bus, the girl read a magazine.
work on v. continue working; 继续工作
• They will work on till sunset.
• 他们将继续工作，直到日落。
influence (on / upon) • n. A power affecting a person, thing, or course of events 常与 on/upon 连用）影响力；感化力
• My teacher's influence made me study science at college.
• 由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。
• Many a woman has had an influence upon her husband.
• 许多妇女对其丈夫有影响
available • adj. Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible 可用的现实可用的；手边的；可获得的
• Chinese commodities available for export are varied.
• 中国可供出口的商品种类繁多。
I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your color and size.
对不起, 这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
at any time adv. 任何时候
You can call me at any time.
任何时候你都可以给我打电话。
look forward to +n. / v.-ing v. be eager to do sth. 期待；盼望发生(＋名词/动名词短语)
We are all looking forward to our holiday.
我们都盼望着假期。
She had been looking forward to leaving the hospital wards for a holiday at home.
她一直盼望着离开病房，在家过个假日。
Activity 11 P9
as usual adv. As commonly or habitually happens 照常，照例和平常或习惯一样：
As usual, I slept late that Saturday morning.
和平时一样，那个星期六早晨我起得很迟。
While conj. Whereas; and: 然而；而且
You like tennis, while I'd rather read.
你爱打网球，但我爱看书。
burst in v. To emerge, come forth, or arrive suddenly 突然地出现
She burst in while we were talking about her.
我们正在说起她，她突然闯了进来。
be worth + n./v.-ing adj. Equal in value to something specified 价值与…相当, 顶得上
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
It's worth+ 名词/动名词 值得……
It's worth seeing /. Hearing / reading.
值得一看/一听/一读。
Activity 2 P16
send v.tr.To require or enable to go:派需要或有能力去
She sent her children to college.
她送孩子们上大学。
The judge sent the criminal to prison.
法官判罪犯入狱。
diagnose （as）v. To distinguish or identify (a disease, for example) by diagnosis.诊断，辨别或识别（如疾病）
The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza.
医生诊断此病为流行感冒。
The teacher diagnosed the boy's reading difficulties
老师找出那孩子阅读上困难的原因。( 比喻用法)
强调句型：It + is / was + 强调成分 + that / who + 从句
此句型可强调句子的主语；宾语；状语。
It was she who had been wrong.
是她错了。（主语）
It was John and his brother that we met in the park last week.
上星期我们在公园遇见的是约翰和他的兄弟。 （宾语）
It was in your room that I left my bag.
是在你的房间里我放下了我的包。 （地点状语）
It was not until last night that I noticed this matter.
直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。（时间状语）
take care of 照料
be good at 擅长
look after 照顾
in that way 在那方面
grow up 长大
get on 生活, 融洽相处
look like 和 take like 的区别
look like 像..., （外表特征）
be like 像…（性格特征）
take after 像..., 学…的样
like 喜欢 (做)… （练习 P23）
bring up v. To take care of and educate (a child); rear.抚养; 教育（小孩）
I was brought up by my aunt.
我是我姑姑抚养成人的。
He was brought up to be honest.
他从小就培养他要诚实。
grow up （自己）长大；成长
bring up （别人）抚养，养育
There the birds nest and bring up their young.
鸟在那里筑巢，养育他们的幼鸟。
He grew up and became a soldier.
他长大了，成长为一名战士。
remember v. To recall to the mind; think of again. 记得, 回想起
两种用法：
1) remember to do sth. 记住要做的事
2) remember doing sth 记得做过的事
Please remember to mail it for me.
请记住帮我把信寄掉。
I remember seeing her once.
我记得曾见过她一次。.
tell off v. To express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone).责备，表达对（某人）的不赞成、批评或失望
I was ten minutes late and she told me off in front of everyone.
我迟到了十分钟，她当着大家的面申斥了我一番。
Activity11
in one’s early/late twenties 在某人二十几岁时
In one’s teens 在某人十几岁时
move to …v. To go from one residence or location to another; relocate.搬家, 从一个居住地或定居点搬到另一个
Mary just moved to this community last week.
玛丽上个星期才搬到这个社区。
marry vt. To give in marriage. 结婚，把…嫁给，为…娶亲
be married 表示已婚状态
Jean is going to marry Hubert
简爱打算和哈伯特结婚。
Are you married or single?
你是已婚，还是单身？
两种用法：
1) go on doing sth. 继续做某事
2) go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事
Don't go on talking.
不要继续讲了
After he returned from USA, he went on to teach in a university.
当他从美国回来之后，他继续在大学里教书。
call in v. To pay a short visit 短暂的拜访
We called in on our new neighbors last evening.
昨晚我们去拜访了新来的邻居。
either … (or) … conj. before the first of 2 or more choices which are expressed by like noun phrases or verb phrases, ect., separated by or : 或是…… 或是…..; / 不是…… 就是……（前后连接的成分一致）
Either Tom or his brothers have to shovel the snow.
是汤姆就是他的兄弟得去铲雪。
The books were either works on travel or detective novels.
这些书要么是关于旅行的, 要么就是侦探小说。
Either you must improve your work, or I shall dismiss you.
你必须改进工作, 否则, 我将解雇你。
poke one's nose into v. to inquire with too much interest into other people’s business
窥探; 打听(别人的私事)
Don’t poke your nose into the affaires of others.
勿干涉别人的事务。
This is something I told you not to poke your nose into.
我说过这不是你要探究的事。
put up with v. to suffer or bear patiently忍受, 容忍
She makes so much noise and I can’t put up with her any longer.
她太闹了，我再也忍受不了。
I went to see my dentist because I couldn’t put up with the toothache.
我再也忍受不住牙疼，就去看了牙医。
Whatever pron. 无论…，不管…
Whatever 引出让步状语从句
Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool.
不管发生什么事,头等重要的是保持冷静。
Whatever you do, I won't tell you my secret.
不管你做什么，我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。
Activity 11 P47
about
adv. In no particular direction
到处，没有确定方向地
Did you look about ?
你四处看了吗 ?
He was wandering about with no place to go.
他一直四处漂泊，无处可去 。
wake up v. become awake: 醒 , 醒过来
Wake up , old chap! It's seven o'clock.
醒醒 , 老家伙 ! 都 7 点钟了。
She had to wake up several times when their baby was ill.
当他们的孩子生病时 , 她一个晚上要醒几次。
by 1) prep. Close to; next to: 接近；靠近：
2) adv. On hand; nearby: 旁边手边；就近的：
There was a lamp on the table by the bed.
床边的桌子上有一个台灯。
At that time he stood by.
那时 , 他就站在旁边。
wave to v. To make a signal with an up-and-down or back-and-forth movement of the hand or an object held in the hand: （常与 to 连用）招手，挥手（致意）
He waved desperately to his companion.
他绝望地向他的伙伴挥了挥手。
She waved as she drove by.
她开车而过时挥手示意。
be (feel) proud of / (that 从句 ) being a reason for pride: 引以为荣的
He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.
他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。
Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year.
我们的足球队对今年战无不胜甚感自豪。
Like being left
being left 动名词的被动语态作 like 的宾语
He could not bear being made fun of like that.
大家这样开他的玩笑他受不了。
He left the room without being seen.
没有人看见他离开了房间。
for a neighbor to come.
用介词 for 引出不定式的逻辑主语，这种结构作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。
This is for you to decide .
这件事由你决定。
The furniture is too heavy for the girls to move.
这些家具太重了，姑娘们搬不动。
on one's own
adv. 1) By one's own efforts: 通过自己的努力 , 独自地
2) Responsible for oneself; independent of outside help or control: 独立地，自己对自己负责
She got the job on her own.
她自己找到了这份工作。
He is now out of college and on his own.
他现在离开了大学并且自己生活。
keep in touch (with) v. communicate with: 保持联络
I have still kept in touch with several classmates.
我至今还和几位同学保持联系。
People can keep in touch with each other even when they do leave.
人们即使分开了也能互相保存联系。
call in v. “ 来访 ”
call on + 某人 . “ 拜访某人 ”
call at + 地点 “ 在某地拜访 ”
I'll call on Tom at his office tomorrow.
明天我去汤姆的办公室拜访他。
for one's age 就年龄来说
He looks too old for his age.
就年龄来说 , 他看上去太老了。
do sth. to sb.… 对某人做某事
How dare she do that to her mother?
她怎么敢那样对待她妈妈呢 ?
Activity 1 P58
carry on (sth. / doing sth.) v. To continue without halting; persevere: 不停顿地持续下去；坚持：
We must carry on in the face of disaster.
面对灾难我们必须坚持不懈。
Even after the teacher entered the classroom, she carried on talking with her tablemate
即使老师进了教室, 她还是继续和同座聊天。
hand over (to) … v. (= hand down) 把…传下来 移交；让与
He had to hand over command of a ship.
他不得不移交军舰的指挥权。
The pickpocket was handed over to the police.
扒手被送交警方。
What to do with himself 动词不定式结构
形式: “ 连接代词/副词+to do ” , 这种结构起名词的作用, 在句子中作主语，宾语或表语。
When to begin the strike is not yet known.
何时开始罢工还不知道。
The question is where to hold the party.
问题是在哪里聚会。
do with sth. v. to deal with …(对某物)如何处理
-- “What are you going to do with it?” -- “Keep it, of course.”
“你打算把它怎么处理？” “当然市保存下来。”
(be/go) on holiday (= on one's holidays) 在度假，[去休假]
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle.
我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
He is going on holiday to Japan.
他要去日本休假。
hate being retired
being retired 动名词短语作 hate 的宾语
The boys avoided fighting.
男孩子们避免了斗殴。
She is good at telling lies.
她很会撒谎。
too … to do sth. adv.（用于形容词或副词之前） “太… 而不能”|
These pillars are too thin to carry the roof.
这些柱子太细,支撑不住屋顶。
He is too young to join the army.
他年龄太小了, 不能参军。
Activity 12 P67
very adj.（加强语气）就是，正是
He is the very man that came yesterday.
他正是昨天来的那个人。
He was caught in the very act of stealing.
他正在偷东西时当场被捕。
The very thought of failing in the English examination frightens me.
甚至想到英语考试(可能)不及格我就害怕。
Care about v. To be concerned or interested:被关心或关注
She is very selfish, she doesn’t care about this kind if thing.
•她很自私，不在乎（关心）这种事。
ask for v. To make a request of or for: 要求，要求给予
Mary asked for time to think all this over.
玛丽要求给予时间把这一切好好想想。
I’m rather sorry I didn’t ask for the job.
非常对不起, 我当时没有申请这份工作。
by chance accidentally 偶然地；无意地
I didn’t know anything about it. I just heard of it by chance.
我对此一无所知，我只是无意中听说了这件事。
I met him by chance in the park.
我偶然在公园里看见了他。
see sb./sth. doing sth.
现在分词与它前面的宾语一起构成复合宾语, 这个宾语是该现在分词的逻辑主语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词, 如：see, hear, watch, notice, smell, find, observe, look at,listen to。另外有些使役动词。如：keep, get(使), leave, catch (撞见)等。
I saw her crossing the street.
我看见她正穿过街道。
We heard her singing all the time.
人们听到她一直在唱歌。
run over v.（车辆）轧过，压过, 辗过
The train ran over the poor fellow as he was crossing the line.
当他正要走过去时, 火车从这个可怜的人身上碾过去了。
the fall of An overthrow; a collapse: 倒台：
After the fall of a government, people were at a loss.
政府倒台后人们不知所措。
Sail v. To move across the surface of water, especially by means of a sailing vessel.航行（尤指乘帆船）在水面上行驶
The captain sailed his ship through the narrow passage.
船长驾驶着他的船只通过了狭窄的航道。
The girl sailed into the room.
女孩轻盈地走进了房间。
start doing (to do) begin to do sth. 开始干……
I started to earn my own living this very afternoon.
就从今天下午开始，我要自食其力了。
He started talking about some of the changes in his village.
他开始谈他村子里发生的一些变化。
amuse v. To cause to laugh or smile by giving pleasure. 逗乐，通过娱乐而使大笑或微笑
His story amuses me.
他的故事使我发笑。
We were all amused at his foolish behavior.
我们对他那愚蠢的行为都感到好笑。
Activity 2 P79
decided v. To cause to make or reach a decision.（常与to, that 从句）决心；决定
He decided to go himself.
他决定亲自去。
The boy decided not to become a sailor.
那孩子决定将来不当水手。
She has decided that she will be a doctor.
她已决定将来当个医生。
raise (for) v. To gather together; collect :筹款收集；收敛：
They raised money from the neighbors for a charity.
他们从邻居们那里收钱用于一件善事。
They helped us to raise the 200,000 Yuan fund for the school buildings.
他们帮助我们募集了二十万基金来盖校舍。
retire (from) vi. To withdraw from one's occupation, business, or office; stop working. 退职, 停止工作
He retired from the business when he was 60.
他60岁时，退休了。
He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad.
"他现在正在退出政治生活,并已出国。"
take part (in) v. To participate . 参与, 参加
How many of you are going to take part?
你们中有多少人打算参加?
They gave him the chance to take part in designing new products.
他们给他机会参加设计新产品的工作。
prepare (for) v. To make ready beforehand for a specific purpose, as for an event or occasion作准备, 预先为特定目的作好准备，如为某事或某种场合
The teacher prepared the students for the exams.
老师让学生们为考试作准备。
We stood side by side washing, and preparing for breakfast.
我们并排洗手，准备吃早饭。
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
作最好的打算，作最坏的准备。
take sb. to (into)…. V. to send someone to some place 送某人去某地
The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the center of Paris as he hoped it would.
这个孩子拦住的下一辆车没有象像他所希望的那样把他带到巴黎市中心。
You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.(谚)
引马河边易,逼马饮水难。(不要逼人做他不愿做的事。/ 善意不足以成事。)
the same as … Conforming in every detail: 完全一致的, 在每一细节上都一致的
Her hair is the same color as her mother's.
她头发颜色跟她母亲的一样。
You can do it according to the same rules as before.
你们可以根据以前的规则来做。
fit a. Physically sound; healthy 身体健康的
I keep fit with diet and exercise.
我是通过节食和运动来保持健康。
Activity13 P89
make a decision -- to decide sth. 作决定； 下决心
She could not make a decision about the dresses.
她对（买不买）这衣服下不了决心。
prefer (to) v. To choose or be in the habit of choosing as more desirable or as having more value 更喜欢, 作为更合意的或更有价值的而选择或习惯于选择…
I prefer coffee to tea.
我喜欢咖啡胜于茶。
He said that he preferred the country to the city.
他说城市和农村相比, 他更喜欢农村。
(be) aware of … to have knowledge or realization of 知道；意识
Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations.
每个人都意识到了四化的重要性。
Were you aware of the risk at that time?
当时你意识到有风险吗？
Activity 2 P107
replace v. To be or provide a substitute for. 提供代替品, 作为或提供对…更换物
We replace defective tubes.
我们更换有毛病的管子。
Can anything replace a mother's love and care?
有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗?
commute v. To travel as a commuter. 通勤, 作为长期车票使用者旅行
n. (上下班)两地之间坐车往返； 往返的路程
The businessmen commute between London and New York
商人们定期往返于伦敦纽约间。
Most of us commute between home and office
我们大多数人上下班来往通勤。
There is about an hour's commute from the university
离大学一小时左右的汽车路程。
list n. a record of short pieces of information usually one below the other so that they can be read easily or count. 清单; 单子v. to make a list of sth. 列出; 列入
He put the newcomers’ names on the list.
他把新来人的名字写在名单上.
Please make a list of things I must buy.
请把我要买的东西列出一张清单.
List all the things you need from the grocery.
把在食品店要买的东西列出来.
I shall list my errands on a card.
我将把自己的错误写着一张卡片是.
fix v. To restore to proper condition or working order; repair: 修理，校准修复到正常状态或工作程序
Tom is coming to fix that broken machine this afternoon.
汤姆今天下午来修理那台坏机器
I asked the boy to fix the bicycle.
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初中常用句型转换专题讲解
一、 简单句与复合句的转换
1. 连接代、副词+to do sth.→ 连接代、副词+从句
I don’t know what to do.→ I don’t know what I should do.
2、decide/hope to do sth. → decide/hope that+从句
Joy decided to go alone. →Joy decided that he would go alone.
3、want/wish sb. to do sth.→ hope that从句
I want you to help me.→I hope that you’ll help me.
4、to do sth.(目的状语)→ so that目的状语从句
Rose got up early to catch the early bus.→
Rose got up early so that she could catch the early bus.
5.enough to → so … that + 从句
He is old enough to go to school.→He is so old that he can go to school.
6. too…to…→ so…that…
7. be born in the same year→ be as old as
8.The +最高级→ 比较级+than
Shanghai is the biggest city in China. →
Shanghai is ____ ____ _____ _____city in China.
9.分词+一段时间→ It’s +一段时间+since…
Rose has been away for an hour. →_____ an hour _____Rose ______.
10. sb. seems to do sth.→ It seems that +从句
He seems to know much about you. →
______ _______ that _____ _____ _____- _______ _________.
11. without…→ If 否定从句
You may fail the exam without hard study .→
You may fail the exam ____ ______ ________- study hard.
二、并列句与复合句的转换
1.A,so B→ B because A
I got up late, so I missed the train. →I missed the train ______ I _____ ____ _____.
2. A,but B→ Though A,(yet)B.
Helen was ill,but she still came to work. →
3、祈使句，and/then简单句→ If从句，简单句。
Study hard,then you’ll learn English well. →
________________________________________.
4、祈使句，or简单句→ If否定从句，简单句。
Hurry up,or you will be late for class.→
____ _____ _____ hurry up, you will be late for class.
三、简单句与简单句的转换
1.sb. spends some time (in) doing sth.→ It takes .sb. some time to do sth
They spent ten minutes walking here.
2. sb. spends some money on sth./buying sth.
→ Sb. pays some money for sth./to buy sth.
→ Sth. costs sb. some money.
I spent five pounds on the book. →
______________________________________.
______________________________________
3.adj→ not+adj.反义词
The math problem is hard to work out. →The math problem is ___ ___to work out
4.too+adj.+to→ not +adj.反义词+enough to…
He is too short to touch the doorbell. →He is not__ __ to touch the doorbell.
5.短暂性动词的过去式+ago→ have+延续性动词+for…
The film began five minutes ago. → The film ___ ___ ___for five minutes
I bought the bike two years ago. → I _____ _____the bike for two years.
6. be good at→ do well in
7. enjoy oneself→ have a good time
8. not…,not…either.→ neither…nor…9. 肯定句+肯定句，too.→ both…and…10.否定句.Instead肯定句→ 肯定句+ instead of 短语
The boy didn't listen to the teacher. Instead he made noises.→
The boy made noises instead of listening to the teacher.
11.How do you like…?→ How do you find…? What do you think of …?
12.Why don’t you…?→ Why not…?
13. May I borrow…?→ Can you lend me…?
14. Remember to….→ Don’t forget to …. →Be sure to …
15.can I help you? →_____
初中常用句型转换专题讲解
一、 简单句与复合句的转换
1. 连接代、副词+to do sth.→ 连接代、副词+从句
I don’t know what to do.→ I don’t know what I should do.
2、decide/hope to do sth. → decide/hope that+从句
Joy decided to go alone. →Joy decided that he would go alone.
3、want/wish sb. to do sth.→ hope that从句
I want you to help me.→I hope that you’ll help me.
4、to do sth.(目的状语)→ so that目的状语从句
Rose got up early to catch the early bus.→
Rose got up early so that she could catch the early bus.
5.enough to → so … that + 从句
He is old enough to go to school.→He is so old that he can go to school.
6. too…to…→ so…that…
7. be born in the same year→ be as old as
8.The +最高级→ 比较级+than
Shanghai is the biggest city in China. →
Shanghai is ____ ____ _____ _____city in China.
9.分词+一段时间→ It’s +一段时间+since…
Rose has been away for an hour. →_____ an hour _____Rose ______.
10. sb. seems to do sth.→ It seems that +从句
He seems to know much about you. →
______ _______ that _____ _____ _____- _______ _________.
11. without…→ If 否定从句
You may fail the exam without hard study .→
You may fail the exam ____ ______ ________- study hard.
二、并列句与复合句的转换
1.A,so B→ B because A
I got up late, so I missed the train. →I missed the train ______ I _____ ____ _____.
2. A,but B→ Though A,(yet)B.
Helen was ill,but she still came to work. →
3、祈使句，and/then简单句→ If从句，简单句。
Study hard,then you’ll learn English well. →
________________________________________.
4、祈使句，or简单句→ If否定从句，简单句。
Hurry up,or you will be late for class.→
____ _____ _____ hurry up, you will be late for class.
三、简单句与简单句的转换
1.sb. spends some time (in) doing sth.→ It takes .sb. some time to do sth
They spent ten minutes walking here.
2. sb. spends some money on sth./buying sth.
→ Sb. pays some money for sth./to buy sth.
→ Sth. costs sb. some money.
I spent five pounds on the book. →
______________________________________.
______________________________________
3.adj→ not+adj.反义词
The math problem is hard to work out. →The math problem is ___ ___to work out
4.too+adj.+to→ not +adj.反义词+enough to…
He is too short to touch the doorbell. →He is not__ __ to touch the doorbell.
5.短暂性动词的过去式+ago→ have+延续性动词+for…
The film began five minutes ago. → The film ___ ___ ___for five minutes
I bought the bike two years ago. → I _____ _____the bike for two years.
6. be good at→ do well in
7. enjoy oneself→ have a good time
8. not…,not…either.→ neither…nor…9. 肯定句+肯定句，too.→ both…and…10.否定句.Instead肯定句→ 肯定句+ instead of 短语
The boy didn't listen to the teacher. Instead he made noises.→
The boy made noises instead of listening to the teacher.
11.How do you like…?→ How do you find…? What do you think of …?
12.Why don’t you…?→ Why not…?
13. May I borrow…?→ Can you lend me…?
14. Remember to….→ Don’t forget to …. →Be sure to …
15.can I help you? →_____
参考资料： 个人资料库
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送孩子们上大学。
The judge sent the criminal to prison.
法官判罪犯入狱。
diagnose （as）v. To distinguish or identify (a disease, for example) by diagnosis.诊断，辨别或识别（如疾病）
The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza.
医生诊断此病为流行感冒。
The teacher diagnosed the boy's reading difficulties
老师找出那孩子阅读上困难的原因。( 比喻用法)
强调句型：It + is / was + 强调成分 + that / who + 从句
此句型可强调句子的主语；宾语；状语。
It was she who had been wrong.
The judge sent the criminal to prison.
法官判罪犯入狱。
diagnose （as）v. To distinguish or identify (a disease, for example) by diagnosis.诊断，辨别或识别（如疾病）
The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza.
医生诊断此病为流行感冒。
The teacher diagnosed the boy's reading difficulties
老师找出那孩子阅读上困难的原因。( 比喻用法)
强调句型：It + is / was + 强调成分 + that / who + 从句
此句型可强调句子的主语；宾语；状语。
It was she who had been wrong.
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