Question

不定式可以做哪些句子成分，详细说明，举例子

Answer 1

动词不定式在句中起着名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它成份。高考侧重考查其作宾语、定语、目的状语、表语的功能以及不带to的用法。

一、不定式的宾语功能

hope, wish, expect, pretend, plan, decide, seem等动词后需接不定式作宾语。

例:She pretended ______ me when I passed by.(MET’89)

A.not to see B. not seeing

C. to not see D. having not seen

解析:pretend后应接不定式作宾语,其否定式是“not to do”,故选A。

二、不定式的定语功能

不定式作定语,被其修饰的名词为不定式所表动作的逻辑主语、逻辑宾语等。

例1:There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.

(上海1999)

A. to be chosen B. to choose from

C. to choose D. for choosing

解析:从语境可知,该空作定语修饰five pairs,且five pairs为该空所表动作的逻辑宾语,所以应填不定式to choose from作定语,表示“从……中挑选”,故选B。

例2:It seems that he has no pen ______.

(北京 2003 春)

A. to write B. to write with

C. writing D. writing with

解析:从语境可知该空作定语修饰pen,故选B。

三、不定式的目的状语功能

不定式常作目的状语,同时它可用于一些固定搭配来作目的状语,如 in order (not ) to do,so as (not) to do。

例1:-Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?

-______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

(上海1999)
A. Get B. Getting

C. To get D. To be getting

解析:从语境可知,每天吃一只鸡蛋的目的是给你提供更多的蛋白质和营养,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选C。

例2:In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive.

(上海 2002)

A. to make B. making

C. to have make D. having make

解析:从语境可知,许多国营公司正在努力的目的是使他们的产品更具竞争性,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选A。

四、不定式的表语功能

不定式和-ing形式一样可作表语,说明主语的内容。

例: The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult. (NMET’99)

A. not make B. not to make

C. not making D. do not make

解析:本题句意是“应用新技术的目的是使生活变得更安逸,而非更困难”。通常两个以上不定式并列时,后者的to常省掉;但是如果表示对比或对照关系时,后者的to不可以省掉,故选B。

五、不定式的综合考点

高考对不定式的考查并不仅限于考查一般形式,而更多的是考查它的进行式、完成式、被动式、完成被动式等较复杂的结构。

例1:Hurry up, he is sure ______ for us.(NMET’ 95)

A. to wait B. to be waiting

C. waiting D. being waited

解析: be sure 后应接不定式。根据句意,现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们,所以应用不定式的进行式,故选B。

例2:Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET 2002)

A. to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. seen

解析:从语境可知,该题第二个分句要表达“他们是否喜欢(去国外旅行),(人们)还不知道”这一意思,故选B。

Answer 2

答：
我们可以从下列句子中来判断：
1. I want to sleep. 我想睡觉了。（作want的宾语）
2. To think is only the begining of an action. 思考仅是行动的开始。（作句子的主语）
3. To succedd is to work hard. (前者做主语，后者做表语)
4. The girl to sing the song is Mary. (作后置定语)
5. To succeed, one must work hard. (作整个句子的<目的>状语)
6. I am here to help (作目的状语)
7. They are not strong enough to fight the enemy. （作补语）
8. I asked him to help me with my homework. （做补语）
注：状语和补语的区别在于：状语去掉不影响句子意思的完整性，而补语去掉则不行。如第8句：去掉to help me后句子则不完整了。

水平有限，有误之处请批评指正。谢谢！

Answer 3

不定代词是不明确指代某个（些）人或某个（些）事的代词。1..个体不定代词every，each，other,another,either,another...2.数量不定代词no,none,neither,all,both,few...可代替名词和形容词。在句中作主语;One should do his best at all times.宾语I'd like some.表语He is not one who is easy to work with.定语There is little milk in the bottle.。