Question

请帮忙分析一下这几个句子语法结构、句子成分。 谢谢！

1、A solar day is the length of time it takes the Earth to revolve once around the Sun.
2、 Being thoroughly dissatisfied with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces.
3、It was the first time she had taken a crack at skating on the ice.
4、Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which of course, made others jealous.（这个为什么要用which?）

Answer 1

1、句子主干: A solar day is the length of time. 这是一个"主系表"结构.
it takes the Earth to revolve once around the Sun.是定从,修饰the length of time. 由于先行词在定从中作takes的宾语,故此定从省略了关系代词that .
在定从中it作形式主语,不定式作真主.其结构为: it takes sb. time to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间. 只不过这儿的sb.是the Earth,time是the length of time.
句意: 一个太阳日是地球绕太阳运转一周的时间长度.
2、 Being thoroughly dissatisfied with the picture, 是be动词的现在分词结构作原因状语
Mary是主语, tore是谓动, it宾语 ，to pieces.是介短,tear sth. to pieces 是固定搭配,"把某物撕成碎片”。
句意： 由于对这张图片完全不满意，玛丽把它撕成了碎片。
3、It is/was +序数词+ time+sb. have/has/had done sth. 这是一个固定结构，“这是某人第几次做某事”，当前面为is时，就用现完，为was时，就用过完。
句意：这是她第一次尝试滑冰。
4、主句： Helen was much kinder to her youngest child.
than she was to the others,是比较状语从句。
which of course, made others jealous.是非限制性定语从句，由于that不能引导非限制性定语从句，因此这儿只能用which，which指代前面整个句子。
句意： 海伦对她最小的孩子比对其他孩子要好得多，当然,这使得其他孩子很嫉妒。

Answer 2

1、A solar day is the length of time it takes the Earth to revolve once around the Sun.
【主语】A solar day，其中solar是day的定语
【谓语】is
【表语】the length ……，其中介宾结构of time （which / that）it takes……修饰length，而
which后边的定语从句修饰time，是it take sb/sth some time do to结构，就是定语中有定语
2、 Being thoroughly dissatisfied with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces.
【原因状语】分词短语Being thoroughly dissatisfied with the picture
【主语】Mary
【谓语】 tore
【宾语】it，指picture
【补语】 to pieces
3、It was the first time she had taken a crack at skating on the ice.
【形式主语】it
【谓语】was
【表语】the first time
【真主语】she had taken a crack at skating on the ice，是主语从句
4、Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which of course, made others jealous.（这个为什么要用which?）
【主语】Helen / she
【谓语 was / was
【表语】much kinder
【状语】to her youngest child / to the others,
【非限定定语从句】which ,这里 我觉得 of course前该有一逗号，即which, of course, made
因为是非限定性定语从句，又代替前面整个句子，语法上规定有which，不可用that