情态动词can,could,must,shall,will,would,should,ought to 具体的用法,如何区分?
情态动词can,could,must,shall,will,would,should,ought to 具体的用法,如何区分?
1. can (could)
1)表示能力,could主要指过去时间。
Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗?
2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。
The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
气温可降至—60℃,也就是零下60℃。
He can??t (couldn??t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
You mustn??t *** oke while you??re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
在林子里走时勿吸菸,那样可能会引起火灾。
3)表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room.
他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢?
He can??t (couldn??t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心?
5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?
I??m afraid we couldn??t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
2. may (might)
1)表允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might *** oke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽菸。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly.
/ Please don??t ./ You??d better not. / No, you mustn??t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。
2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。
They might be having a meeting, but I??m not sure. 他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。
3. must
1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。
We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
You mustn??t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗?
--No, you needn??t. / No, you don??t have to. 不必。(这种情况下,一般不用mustn??t)
2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She??s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链,一定很有钱。
4. shall
1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗?
Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗?
What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么?
2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令)
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告)
Nothing shall s us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心)
5. will
1)表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won??t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book, I??ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书,我会把它借给你。
2)表请求,用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It??s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。
Won??t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗?
3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。
The door won??t open. 这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点,看着车辆行人通过。
6. should
1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
You shouldn??t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。
2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first—class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。
7.would
1)表意愿。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。
I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗?
They wouldn??t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。
3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
(二)情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式,表“应当已经……”,“想必已经……”,“本来可以……”等意。
I should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。
He isn??t here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到,一定是没赶上火车。
Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢?
You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。
You could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。
He needn??t have worried about it. 他本不必为此事担心。
There was a lot of fun at yesterday??s party. You ought to have e, but why didn??t you?
昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来,为何不来呢?
2. 情态动词后跟进行式,表示“想必正在……”,“可能正在……”,“应当正在”等意。
It??s elve o??clock. They must be having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。
They may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。
He can??t be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话。
She shouldn??t be working like that. She??s still so weak. 她不应当那样干,她身体仍那么虚。
(三)几组词的辨异
1. can 和be able to
1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多种时态形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.
玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
2)用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。
He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn??t feel like it that day.
他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
2. must和 have to
must表示主观意志,而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式,除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间,在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。
I told her that she must give up *** oking. 我叫她必须戒菸。
We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。
3. would和used to
1)used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,而would只表过去的情况。
People used to think that the earth was flat.
过去人们认为地球是平的。(现在人们不这么认为。)
She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在乡下时,她总是在早晨去散会儿步。(可能现在仍有散步的习惯。)
2)used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况,而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
He used to ∕would *** oke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽菸。
She used to be fat. 她过去很胖
如何 比较情态动词 must, can/ could, may/ might 用法?
must 表示说话者语气带有肯定的意思
can 是表示可能,会
may 也表示可能,但是语气比can 要稍微弱点
选择适当的情态动词填空 can,may,must,shall,would,should,can't,mustn't,needn't,have to
You mustn't (禁止)play football in the busy street.
could you please give me some water?
can't
句子意思是 有空气在我周围但我却看不到它
情态动词shall的用法?
shall 的用法如下:
在陈述句中表示说话者给对方的承诺、决心、警告、威胁等。如:
I shall write to you again at the end of the month. 月底我再给你写封信。
You shall have it back next week. 下星期一定还你。
He shall stay in bed. 他必须躺在床上。
■表示强制,用于法令、条约、规章中,意为“必须,应该”。如:
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷完全收回后,应试人才能离开座位。
■在主语是第一、三人称的疑问句中征求对方意见:要不要……?……好吗?如:
Shall I turn on the lights? 我开灯好吗?
Shall he wait for you outside? 要不要他在外面等你?
■表示不可避免的某事:一定
That day shall e. 那一天总会来的。
情态动词 can ,could, may ,would , will , should 常用的句型 都有什么谢谢
can you help with it ? can 关心的是 能否 或者 是否有能力
could you please e over here? could 相对can比较委婉
may i sit here? 用may时主要关心可能性
would you like a cup of tea? i would like to = i'd like to 用would的时候是重视想不想 或者 愿不愿意
i will do my best. will就是会 将要 很肯定
you should have known it. 这个should have done叫什么概念我是忘了 意思是你本该已经知道 should本身的意思就是应该
怎样使用情态动词shall/should/must
近些年来,高考的单项选择和短文改错中不断有考察情态动词shall/should/must的题干,而考生对于它们的用法并没有完全把握,因此,梳理shall/should/must的用法,给考生一个清晰的思路和全面的了解。 ——yes, I will. 综上所述,在疑问句中征询对方意见,请求许可时: Shall常用于第一,第三人称; Can常用于第一,第二人称,也可以用could,回答仍用can; May常用于第一人称,也可以用might,否定答语mustn't; Will常用于第二人称,也可以用would,答语仍用will. 1.2 shall用于二三人称的陈述句中表示说话人给对方命令, 威胁, 允诺(常见于法律,法规,条令) e.g SEFC Book2.unit19.The Merchant Of Venice INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading The MERCHANT OF VENICE(2) P: That is the law.You want justice.So you shall get justice,more than you wanted P: Wait,Shylock, The law of Venice says that if anyone tries to kill or murder any citizen of Venice, everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.. One of his money and his goods shall be given to the city of venice and the other half shall given to the person he has tried to kill. His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke… e.g “The interest___be divided into five parts.”declared the judge. A.shouldB.mustC.shallD.can分析:这是过去高考中曾经考过的一道单项选择题,据语境“declared the judge”可知考察有关法律法规条文中表达命令语气的情态动词shall,所以答案选C,然而很多考生对shall这一用法没有掌握,错选A或B. 2.关于should Should可以作为情态动词shall的过去式,但should作为情态动词,却有自己的用法。
请帮我总结情态动词shall和should用法
should的用法如下:
(1) 表示应该
(2) 表示非常大的可能性
(3) should +have done (sth.) 表示本应该做却没有做
e.g. I should have passed the exam because it was so difficult.
( I failed the exam....)
shall (语气强)的用法如下:
(1)表示说话者的决心
(2)表示命令的语气
(3)表示许诺
(4)表示征求意见(shall I... shall we....)