求高手翻译一段英语文章,英语厉害的求进,不要有道或者百度那种无语的翻译
Thus,inthisprestateera,thesupplementalmodeofgovernment-nonprofitsectorrelationsprevai...
Thus, in this prestate era, the supplemental mode of government-nonprofit
sector relations prevailed because the government was a foreign power ninterested
in providing local social services. The Jewish community responded
by organizing its own services on a voluntary basis (Gidron, 1992). Interestingly,
the prestate nonprofit sector served as the precursor to Israel’s postindependence
government. Some nonprofits served as quasi-governmental agencies
until statehood was achieved. Once Israel became a state in 1948, many of
the quasi-governmental nonprofit organizations were transformed or
absorbed into formal public sector agencies.
In the formative period of statehood before the 1970s, the state took over
most of the functions of public service and the nonprofit sector was reduced to
a relatively marginal role, either as a supplement under government regulation
or in a complementary relationship with a dominant government. Some
services such as education were fully assumed by the state and nonprofits’
role eliminated, whereas others such as health care were retained by nonprofits
under tight government supervision. The functions of most nonprofits
were changed to fit the new regime, whereas some remained as they were. For
example, the Jewish Agency and other quasi-governmental institutions
changed their missions and became governmental instruments for addressing
various tasks including fund-raising and advancing Israel’s interests abroad,
encouraging Jewish immigration, and so on. For political reasons, Arab and
orthodox organizations continued to function on their own, with some state
funding (Gidron & Katz, 1998). 展开
sector relations prevailed because the government was a foreign power ninterested
in providing local social services. The Jewish community responded
by organizing its own services on a voluntary basis (Gidron, 1992). Interestingly,
the prestate nonprofit sector served as the precursor to Israel’s postindependence
government. Some nonprofits served as quasi-governmental agencies
until statehood was achieved. Once Israel became a state in 1948, many of
the quasi-governmental nonprofit organizations were transformed or
absorbed into formal public sector agencies.
In the formative period of statehood before the 1970s, the state took over
most of the functions of public service and the nonprofit sector was reduced to
a relatively marginal role, either as a supplement under government regulation
or in a complementary relationship with a dominant government. Some
services such as education were fully assumed by the state and nonprofits’
role eliminated, whereas others such as health care were retained by nonprofits
under tight government supervision. The functions of most nonprofits
were changed to fit the new regime, whereas some remained as they were. For
example, the Jewish Agency and other quasi-governmental institutions
changed their missions and became governmental instruments for addressing
various tasks including fund-raising and advancing Israel’s interests abroad,
encouraging Jewish immigration, and so on. For political reasons, Arab and
orthodox organizations continued to function on their own, with some state
funding (Gidron & Katz, 1998). 展开
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你看看吧,但愿对你有帮助:
因此,在以前岁月,由于政府被外部强权统治者作为一种非营利性政府模式的补充为当地人民服务。犹太人主要是以他们内部自愿服务为基础(1992年的犹太勇士)。有趣的是,这样的政府恰恰又服务于以色列人独立后的政府。这些非盈利性类政府组织服务于像以色列这样国家,直到他们获得国家地位。一旦以色列在1948年成为一个国家,许多像这样的类政府非盈利组织很快就被吸纳进政府部门。
在1970年以前的国家地位形成期,国家接管了大多数公共服务机构和非盈利性组织,同时使这些规则边缘化,或者作为政府规则下一些领域关系的补充。比如一些服务,像教育,这些组织扮演着非盈利角色的扮演者,然而像其它的(像卫生保健这类的组织一直在政府的监管下提供服务)。大多数的非盈利性机构的改变只是为了适应新的政体,反之,另一些仍然保留它们原来面貌。例如,犹太人协会和类政府机构正在改变他们的传教工作和成为政府工具,具体来说,这样的机构不过是接受各种任务和发达国家(对以色列感兴趣的)对以色列人得资金援助,鼓励以色列人移民,等等。为了某些政治原因,安拉伯人和东正教有助于他们教义的传播,同时兼具资金的筹备(Gidron & Katz, 1998)
因此,在以前岁月,由于政府被外部强权统治者作为一种非营利性政府模式的补充为当地人民服务。犹太人主要是以他们内部自愿服务为基础(1992年的犹太勇士)。有趣的是,这样的政府恰恰又服务于以色列人独立后的政府。这些非盈利性类政府组织服务于像以色列这样国家,直到他们获得国家地位。一旦以色列在1948年成为一个国家,许多像这样的类政府非盈利组织很快就被吸纳进政府部门。
在1970年以前的国家地位形成期,国家接管了大多数公共服务机构和非盈利性组织,同时使这些规则边缘化,或者作为政府规则下一些领域关系的补充。比如一些服务,像教育,这些组织扮演着非盈利角色的扮演者,然而像其它的(像卫生保健这类的组织一直在政府的监管下提供服务)。大多数的非盈利性机构的改变只是为了适应新的政体,反之,另一些仍然保留它们原来面貌。例如,犹太人协会和类政府机构正在改变他们的传教工作和成为政府工具,具体来说,这样的机构不过是接受各种任务和发达国家(对以色列感兴趣的)对以色列人得资金援助,鼓励以色列人移民,等等。为了某些政治原因,安拉伯人和东正教有助于他们教义的传播,同时兼具资金的筹备(Gidron & Katz, 1998)
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因此,在这prestate的时代,因为政府是外国的力量ninterestedin提供本地社会服务,政府nonprofitsector关系的补充模式盛行。 犹太人社区respondedby自愿组织自己的服务gidron、1992。 有趣的是prestate非营利部门,作为以色列postindependencegovernment的前兆。 一些非营利组织,作为实现了准政府agenciesuntil建国。 一旦以色列在1948年成为一个国家,许多准政府非营利组织是orabsorbed转变为正式的公共部门机构。 在二十世纪七十年代之前,在建国初,国家把公共服务职能的overmost和非营利部门相对减少边际作用,作为补充政府regulationor在一个主导政府的互补关系。 someservices如教育完全由国家和非营利机构承担的角色被淘汰,而有些保留,如保健nonprofitsunder政府的严格监督。 大多数nonprofitswere改变以适应新体制的作用,而有些仍是他们。 例如,犹太机构和其他准政府institutionschanged特派团,并成为addressingvarious任务,包括基金筹措的政府文书和促进以色列的海外利益,鼓励犹太移民等。 由于政治原因,阿拉伯andorthodox组织继续对自己的功能,有些statefunding gidron卡茨、1998。
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Purchasing has been successful and profitable enterprises, strengthen the key factors of purchasing and supply management is the key to reduce cost, guarantee product quality is the important means of improving enterprise agility of important premise, is to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises an important ways. However, how to purchase of scientific management has been plagued by many enterprises. How can the stipulated time, with low cost within the expected goal in accordance with the quality assurance to finish tasks, and is now growing attention of enterprises.Modern project management discipline for the establishment and development of purchasing management provides a new way to improve. The project management knowledge into purchasing process, the enterprise purchase by project management has become a new mode of purchasing management. Furthermore, by purchasing project management can enhance the procurement benefit, effectively resolve purchasing process, low degree of information sharing materials demand planning and forecasting, and not to follow with purchasing department, problems such as lack of restriction, and so as to increase liquidity, reduce the risk.希望我的答案能够对您有帮助,望您采纳.同时祝您新春快乐!
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