Question

在windows编程中，怎么给窗口添加一个菜单啊，就是菜单栏中的？

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("test");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;

wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass)){
return 0;
}

hwnd = CreateWindow(...);
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
}
//比如以上是创建窗口的框架代码，怎么在这基础上添加，消息循环没粘进来

Answer 1

首先资源编辑器中创建菜单，资源标示符为IDR_MENU1
其次有两种方法
方法1：在楼主所贴代码的wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;部分，改成：wndclass.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1);
方法2：在ShowWindow之前添加如下代码：
HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1));
SetMenu(hwnd, hMenu);

Answer 2

补充一下mygmh的回答。
除了资源指定wndclass.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1);
还要注意，CreateWindow中窗口风格必须包含POPUP-UP或OVERLAPPED风格,才可能拥有菜单。
另外，如果需要使用代码添加删除菜单项，在创建之后使用如下代码：
hMenu=GetMenu(hWnd); //hWnd是窗口句柄
hPopupMenu=GetSubMenu(hMenu,0); //0表示菜单的第一个选项
InsertMenuItem(hPopupMenu,1,TRUE,&info);
RemoveMenu(hPopupMenu,ID_NEWITEM,MF_BYCOMMAND);

Answer 3

#include <windows.h>#include "resource.h"
#define ID_TIMER 1
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("MenuDemo") ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;

wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;

if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}

hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Menu Demonstration"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;

ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;

while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static int idColor [5] = { WHITE_BRUSH, LTGRAY_BRUSH, GRAY_BRUSH,
DKGRAY_BRUSH, BLACK_BRUSH } ;
static int iSelection = IDM_BKGND_WHITE ;
HMENU hMenu ;

switch (message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
hMenu = GetMenu (hwnd) ;

switch (LOWORD (wParam))
{
case IDM_FILE_NEW:
case IDM_FILE_OPEN:
case IDM_FILE_SAVE:
case IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS:
MessageBeep (0) ;
return 0 ;

case IDM_APP_EXIT:
SendMessage (hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0) ;
return 0 ;

case IDM_EDIT_UNDO:
case IDM_EDIT_CUT:
case IDM_EDIT_COPY:
case IDM_EDIT_PASTE:
case IDM_EDIT_CLEAR:
MessageBeep (0) ;
return 0 ;

case IDM_BKGND_WHITE: // Note: Logic below
case IDM_BKGND_LTGRAY: // assumes that IDM_WHITE
case IDM_BKGND_GRAY: // through IDM_BLACK are
case IDM_BKGND_DKGRAY: // consecutive numbers in
case IDM_BKGND_BLACK: // the order shown here.

CheckMenuItem (hMenu, iSelection, MF_UNCHECKED) ;
iSelection = LOWORD (wParam) ;
CheckMenuItem (hMenu, iSelection, MF_CHECKED) ;

SetClassLong (hwnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)
GetStockObject
(idColor [LOWORD (wParam) - IDM_BKGND_WHITE])) ;

InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ;
return 0 ;

case IDM_TIMER_START:
if (SetTimer (hwnd, ID_TIMER, 1000, NULL))
{
EnableMenuItem (hMenu, IDM_TIMER_START, MF_GRAYED) ;
EnableMenuItem (hMenu, IDM_TIMER_STOP, MF_ENABLED) ;
}
return 0 ;

case IDM_TIMER_STOP:
KillTimer (hwnd, ID_TIMER) ;
EnableMenuItem (hMenu, IDM_TIMER_START, MF_ENABLED) ;
EnableMenuItem (hMenu, IDM_TIMER_STOP, MF_GRAYED) ;
return 0 ;

case IDM_APP_HELP:
MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Help not yet implemented!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK) ;
return 0 ;

case IDM_APP_ABOUT:
MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Menu Demonstration Program\n")
TEXT ("(c) Charles Petzold, 1998"),
szAppName, MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK) ;
return 0 ;
}
break ;

case WM_TIMER:
MessageBeep (0) ;
return 0 ;

case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}