Question

谁能帮我翻译一段英文，谢谢

Policies on smoking in public places implemented at a Land level through 2007 and 2008 already faced legal challenge by mid-2008.4 While Germany now seems to be moving towards a more coherent smoking policy, commentators recognize the long-standing disparity between public health recommendations and national habits.5
As Berridge has shown in the British case, smoking policy cannot be separated from its historical context, either in relation to government responses to epidemiological research or the translation of that research into policy.6 Historians share the view that West Germany has had a liberal attitude towards smoking since the Second World War, focusing on the legacy of Third Reich anti-smoking campaigns and research, the experience of the black market in the occupation period, and the strong influence of the tobacco industry in the 1980s and 1990s as the main explanatory factors. Regarding the legacy of the Third Reich anti-smoking campaigns, Proctor has argued that the postwar years saw ‘a kind of backlash’ against anti-tobacco science and policy, and that ‘popular memory of Nazi tobacco temperance may well have handicapped the postwar German anti-tobacco movement’.7 This has been the argument most often cited by anti-smoking campaigners who seek to explain Germany's relatively liberal stance on tobacco use, at a time when other countries have moved towards a more restrictive position.8 Indeed, the public health aspects of tobacco policy in the Third Reich have arguably received undue prominence, particularly in Anglo-American literature, precisely because of the issues they raise about restrictive health policies in society today, and not because anti-smoking sentiment was the only element of tobacco policy during the Third Reich. Despite promoting anti-smoking policies, the National Socialist regime was keen to ensure the supply of tobacco to military and civilians alike. As Merki has argued, senior Nazi officials viewed anti-smoking policies as ‘redundant’ by 1943 because there was little available and affordable tobacco to smoke anyway.9

Answer 1

在公共场所吸烟的政策在土地级别实现通过2007年和2008年已经面临法律挑战2008.4到年年中,而德国现在似乎正在走向一个更加连贯吸烟政策,评论员认识到长期存在的差距公共卫生建议和民族习惯5
作为Berridge显示在英国的情况下,吸烟政策离不开其历史背景,无论是在与政府关系反应或翻译的流行病学研究,研究的政策。6历史学家都认为西德已经有了一个自由的态度对待吸烟自第二次世界大战以来,专注于遗留的第三帝国反吸烟活动和研究,经验的黑市占领期间,和强大的影响力,烟草行业在1980年代和1990年代作为主要的解释。对于遗留的第三帝国禁烟运动,天天p说战后岁月见证了“一种强烈的反对反烟草科学和政策,“受欢迎的内存纳粹烟草可能的节制战后德国的反烟运动”。7这是论点最常被反吸烟运动人士寻求解释德国相对自由的姿态在烟草使用,每次当其它国家朝着更加严格的位置。8事实上,公共卫生方面的烟草政策在第三帝国已经可以说是收到了过度的重视,尤其是在英美文学的问题,正是因为他们筹集大约限制性的卫生政策在当今社会,不是因为禁烟情绪是唯一元素烟草政策在第三帝国。尽管促进禁烟政策,国家社会主义政权是热衷于确保供应烟草军事和平民。作为Merki认为,资深纳粹官员认为禁烟政策为“redund

Answer 2

在公共场所吸烟的政策在土地级别实现通过2007年和2008年已经面临法律挑战2008.4到年年中,而德国现在似乎正在走向一个更加连贯吸烟政策,评论员认识到长期存在的差距和民族习惯的公共卫生建议。5作为Berridge显示在英国的情况下,吸烟政策离不开其历史背景,无论是在与政府关系反应或翻译的流行病学研究,研究的政策。6历史学家都认为西德已经有了一个自由的态度对待吸烟自第二次世界大战以来,专注于遗留的第三帝国反吸烟活动和研究,经验的黑市占领期间,和强大的影响力,烟草行业在1980年代和1990年代作为主要的解释的因素
不能保证全对，但是确实自己辛苦翻得，希望帮到楼主...

Answer 3

去找百度翻译……