Question

请各位帮忙翻译一下成英语，谢谢~！

英汉委婉语中不同的价值观念
委婉语不仅是一种语言现象，而且也是一种文化现象，是文化在语言当中的一种体现。委婉语的产生有其特定的历史、文化背景，它就像一面镜子，折射出不同的民族心理和文化差异，反映一个民族独特的价值观、道德观和伦理观。
在西方社会的价值观，人们崇尚独立，子女成人后就与父母分开居住，家庭结构松散，老人生活孤独寂寞，因此西方人不愿意谈年龄，忌讳年老，于是有大量的委婉语来表达old 这层含义。比如：……而中国的文化属农村经济型，以家族主义为中心，提倡伦理，老人一般来说是长字辈的，应受到尊敬。中国人认为“老即时福”，能活到老，是家庭的光荣、社会的光荣。而且，汉文化中，“老”字代表了经验、学识、成熟等。中国人还常把“老”字放在姓氏的后面来称呼那些“德高望重”的老年人，以表敬重。
中西价值观中对金钱的态度也是有很大差异的。贫穷在英语中也是一个可怕的字眼，它意味着生活困窘，也标志着社会地位低下，所以poor 的代用语也很多，……而在中国的传统文化中，由于价值观念的不同，“贫穷”并不象西方那么忌讳。
“礼”的文化差异
中西方社会在人际交往中都很注重“礼”，谦虚礼貌是社会各群体共有的普遍现象，但是基于不同民族的观念和习俗的差异，表示礼貌的方式自然也不同。中国人在交往过程中比较重视“卑己尊人”的礼貌原则，认为谦虚是一种传统美德；而西方人受西方社会平等格局的影响，一般讲究实事求是，自信坦率，强调平等、民主、自由等。英汉不同的“礼”文化还体现在对人的称谓敬辞上，称谓敬辞是人类最早的委婉语。中国文化深受儒家思想的影响，特别强调等级的差异，提倡长幼、尊卑有序，这些都直接影响这汉语中的称谓语。在英美国家，人们更强调的是个人独立的人格、个性，推崇个人的成就和荣誉，并不过分地依赖团体和社会，也更强调家庭成员间的平等关系。

麻烦帮忙翻译一下，很着急，先谢谢各位了，尽量地道一点，不要用翻译软件，嘿嘿~！翻译的好我再追加分数~！

Answer 1

English euphemism in different values
Euphemism is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon, which is the language of culture in a reflection. Euphemism produce its specific historical, cultural background, it is like a mirror that reflects different ethnic psychological and cultural differences, reflecting a nation unique values, moral values and ethics.
Values in the western society, people advocating independence, after adult children living with their parents separate, loose structure of the family, lonely elderly people living alone, Westerners do not want to talk about age, old taboos, so there are a lot of old euphemism to express this of meaning. For example:…… while China's is a culture of the rural economy, to the family as the center, to promote ethical, it is generally long Zibei the elderly, should be respected. Chinese believe that "old instant happiness" can live and the family honour, the glory of the community. Moreover, Chinese culture, "old" words represent the experience, knowledge, maturity and so on. China also often "old" name on the back of the word to refer to the "respected" the elderly to show respect.
Western values in the attitude of the money is also very different. Poverty in English is a terrible word, it means living difficulties, and also shows that low social status, poor terms of the many,…… in China's traditional culture, because of the different values, "poverty". West is not as taboo then.
"Etiquette" cultural differences
In the Western society in interpersonal relations are on the "ceremony", modesty, courtesy of various social groups is a common phenomenon in total, but based on the concept of different nationalities and different customs, the way of natural courtesy that different. Chinese people attach importance to exchanges in the course of "171 people have respect" the principle of politeness that is a traditional virtue of modesty, and the West by Western pattern of the impact of social equality, the general stress of seeking truth from facts, self-confidence, frankly, that equality, democracy, freedom, etc. . English and Chinese different "at the" culture of the people is also reflected in the title of King speech, the title of King of human speech is the first euphemism. Chinese culture deeply Confucian thinking of the impact, with particular emphasis on class differences, advocates of all ages, orderly hierarchy, which have a direct impact on the Chinese language in the title. In the Anglo-American countries, more emphasis on the individual independent personality, personality, lauding the achievements and personal honor, not overly rely on the groups and the community, family members also emphasized the equality relations.

Answer 2

In the English to Chinese euphemism different value idea

The euphemism is not only one language phenomenon, moreover is also one cultural phenomenon, is the culture manifests in the middle of the language one kind. The euphemism production has its specific history, the cultural context, it looks like the mirror, reflects the different national psychology and the cultural difference, reflects national unique values, the moral outlook and ethics view. in Western society's values, the people advocate the independence, after the children adult, separates the housing with the parents, the family structure is loose, old person lives lonely lonely, therefore the westerner is not willing to discuss the age, abstains from old, therefore has the massive euphemisms to express old this meaning. For instance: ......But China's culture is the rural economy, take the clannism as the center, advocates ethics, old person generally speaking is the long character generation, should receive the respect. The Chinese thought that “the old immediate luck”, can live old, is the family honorable, society's honor. Moreover, in the Chinese culture, “old” the character has represented the experience, the knowledge maturely, and so on. The Chinese also often places “old” the character the surname behind calls these “of noble character and high prestige” the senior citizen, by table respect. in China and the West values the manner also has the very big difference to the money. In English is also a fearful phrase poorly, it means the life to be embarrassed, also symbolizes that the social position is low, therefore a poor generation of terminology are also many, ......But in China's traditional culture, as a result of the value idea's difference, “poor” does not look like the West that to abstain from. “ritual” in cultural difference the Western society very much pays great attention “the ritual” in the human communication, the modest politeness is the common phenomenon which social various communities altogether have, but based on the different nationality's idea and the custom difference, indicates politeness way differently naturally also. The Chinese quite takes “inferior oneself reveres the human” politeness principle in the contact process, thought that modest is one traditional virtue; But the westerner the West social integration pattern's influence, is fastidious about generally realistically, self-confident frank, emphasis equality, democracy, freedom and so on. English to Chinese different “the ritual” the culture also manifests to person's name polite expression on, the name polite expression is the human earliest euphemism. The Chinese culture depth Confucian thoughts' influence, is emphasized specially the rank the difference, the advocate old and young, the high and low order, in these immediate influence this Chinese name predicate. In the UK-US country, what the people stressed is personally the independent personality, the individuality, esteems individual achievement and the honor, relies on the association and the society not excessively, also emphasizes equal relations between family member's.