Question

英语语法帝回答下这个问题，十万火急，在线等

used before a proper noun referring to a person or thing that has a particular quality.
这句话中的referring为什么是ing形式，是动名词吗？如果是动名词，详细分析一下它在这里的作用以及为什么用ing形式（即动名词）；如果不是，那它在这里是什么词，然后详细分析一下。

Answer 1

used before a proper noun referring to a person or thing that has a particular quality.
不是动名词，而是现在分词，做定语，相当于which refers to a person or thing

Answer 2

被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，表示该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发
生，或是经常性行为时，用现在分词做定语。The girl (standing there )is my sister . When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door (reading “sorry to miss you will call
later).
注意；分词短语作后置定语时可以改写成定语从句。
The girl (who is standing there )is my sister .
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door (which read “sorry to miss you will
call later).
这里的referring to 是涉及·······，有关·········的意思，它不是动名词，是现在分词做定语。在这里是后置定语修饰的是“noun”

Answer 3

modifier can be divided in to two categories: noun modifier and verb modifier.
The ex uses a verb modifier, which usually is used to modifier and complement the verb, or to be a result or consequence of the sentence.